【摘要】 目的了解中晚期妊娠妇女的生活饮食习惯及膳食营养状况,探讨其与妊娠结局的关系,并对不良妊娠结局的影响因素进行分析,旨在提高妊娠妇女健康及合理营养,为围生期保健提供科学合理的膳食营养指导措施。方法对2008年1月～2009年12月清远市妇幼保健院1000例中晚期妊娠妇女,运用病例对照研究,随机抽取500例有膳食不均的孕产妇为观察组,随机抽取500例膳食均衡的孕产妇为对照组,采用妊娠妇女健康问卷、膳食调查及营养评定,追踪随访妊娠中晚期妊娠结局,比较两组孕妇对母儿影响情况。结果影响妊娠膳食合理营养的因素有:孕期体质量指数、偏食、孕期营养宣教、三餐结构、营养素补充、月收入低、早孕反应。与对照组比较,膳食不平衡导致胎儿生长受限(FGR)、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期贫血、妊娠期高血压疾病、胎儿窘迫、产后出血、胎膜早破、巨大胎儿、低体重儿、早产、流产、死胎及畸胎发生率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论膳食不均导致妊娠期不合理营养均可导致孕妇本身及其后代的不良结局,妊娠期合理膳食营养,可提高母婴健康水平。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the eating habits and the diet nutrition of the middle and late pregnant women,explore its relationship with pregnancy outcomes,and analyze the influencing factors in order to improve the health of pregnant women and rational nutrition and provide scientific dietary guidance reasonable measures for perinatal health care.Methods We used case control study to randomly select 500 cases of imbalance diet as the study group and 500 cases of balanced diet as the control group in 1000 cases of middle and late pregnant women in Qingyuan City Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Guangdong province From Jan.2008 to Dec.2009.Pregnant women’s health questionnaire,diet and nutrition assessment,following up of pregnancy outcomes of middle and late pregnant women were used for comparison of the affected situation on mothers and fetuses the two groups.Results The influencing factors on pregnancy rational nutrition diet were as followed::pregnancy body mass index(BMI),imbalanced diet,pregnancy nutrition education,diet structure of three meals a day,supplement in the vitamins and minerals,low incomes,early pregnancy response,etc.The incidence rates of fetal growth restriction(FGR),gestational diabetes,gestational anemia,pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),hard-pressed in womb,postpartum hemorrhage,premature rupture of membrane(PROM),macrosomia,low birth weight,premature delivery,abortion and fetal death and fetus abnormality caused by unbalanced diet were significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Imbalanced diet and irrational nutrition during pregnancy may lead to a unhealthy pregnancy outcomes including mothers and generations and a reasonable diet nutrition during pregnancy can improve the health and reduce the hazard of pregnant woman and baby.更多还原