【摘要】 建立自然保护区的主要目的是使区内自然资源免受人为干扰,维持其重要的生态服务功能.本文借助遥感技术,引入生态干扰度(hemeroby)概念,系统地评价了辽宁双台河口湿地自然保护区及其邻近地区景观格局和生态干扰度的动态变化特征.首先应用专家经验知识将景观类型按生态干扰程度分为全干扰型、半干扰型和无干扰型等3个一级类型,在此基础上细分为30个二级景观类型;再通过问卷调查和专家判别,确定各景观类型的生态干扰度指数(hemeroby index),制定景观分类系统.并结合1987年4月30日、1995年6月7日、2000年6月12日、2006年10月11日等4期TM(ETM+)遥感影像,获得景观分类图和干扰度指数.结果表明:从1987—2006年,1)保护区及其临近地区景观呈现破碎化趋势,其中以保护区的芦苇湿地最为明显;2)研究区内无干扰类型的景观进一步被开发成半干扰和全干扰类型景观;3)干扰度指数空间分布的总特征是河口地区和河道的生态干扰度跳跃性最大,而城市周围的生态干扰度最高,其原因主要是城市化进程的不断推进和渔业的大规模发展.更多还原

【Abstract】 The main objective of establishing natural reserve is to protect its natural resources from human disturbances and maintain its critical ecological service values. This paper introduced the concept of hemeroby,and by using remote sensing technology,systematically assessed the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and eco-disturbance degree in Shuangtai estuary wetland of Liaoning Province,China. Firstly,a knowledge-based expert system was used to classify the landscape into three first-level types based on eco-disturbance degree,i.e.,undisturbed,partially disturbed,or completely disturbed,which were further classified into 30 second-level categories. Secondly,questionnaire and experts knowledge were adopted to determine the hemeroby index for each landscape type and to formulate a landscape classification system. Finally,the landscape classification maps and hemeroby indices were derived by using the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data acquired on 30 April 1987,7 June 1995,12 June 2000,and 11 October 2006. The results indicated that from 1987 to 2006,the landscape patches in the study area became more fragmented,being most obvious for reed marsh. Undisturbed landscape type decreased in area,while partially and completely disturbed types were in adverse. The overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of hemeroby index were of most variable in the areas along the river and surrounding the estuary and being the highest in the areas surrounding the city,largely due to the rapid urbanization and the blooming fishery in the study area.更多还原