【摘要】 目的:调查丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine,Bup)在吸毒人群中滥用/使用的一般情况,评价其药物滥用与药物依赖性潜力。方法:自拟调查表,采取回顾性调查方法,于2006年1月-2006年7月在北京、云南、湖北和广东四地区的六所公安、司法强制戒毒机构,以戒毒所为单位,对符合调查对象条件的全体戒毒人员进行整群调查。结果:(1)使用率:在3254例被调查者中,27.4%(892例)不同程度、不同目的使用过Bup。使用率以云南个旧最高,北京地区次之。(2)使用目的及场所:用于"戒毒或临时替代"及"治疗戒毒后稽延性症状"分别占55.8%和40.6%;82例(9.2%)为"体验特殊精神效应(如欣快、飘等)"。使用场所:主要是在"自己家中"(74.4%)和"戒毒所"(32.1%)。(3)使用方式:47.7%的人有多药使用的经历。在有多药使用者中,采用Bup加镇静催眠药(三唑仑、安定)、氯丙嗪、东莨菪碱和异丙嗪分别占47.6%、5.8%、1.2%和10.1%。(4)使用频率:连续3 d以上使用经历者占36.1%,偶尔使用/间断使用占34.3%,有时连续、有时间断使用占29.5%。(5)主要来源:"医院或诊所"、"戒毒机构"(或在戒毒机构中使用)、"药店"、"非正常渠道"(黑市)、"亲朋"分别占24.7%、38.7%、29.0%、18.4%,4.9%。(6)获得的难易程度:34.0%表示很容易得到,23.4%表示比较容易得到,12.5%表示比较困难得到,7.2%表示非常困难得到,22.8%表示不知道或不便回答。(7)使用后的感觉:46.0%应答者主诉使用后"有感觉",其中"快感"占33.8%,"幻觉"占26.6%,"飘感"占34.8%。这种特殊感觉"同海洛因不一样"占67.6%;"同海洛因一样,但比海洛因作用小"占25.8%;"同海洛因一样,但比海洛因作用强"占4.5%。以上主观效应是单一使用丁丙诺啡产生的占63.8%,合并用药产生的占36.2%。结论:本次调查有近30%的人不同程度和不同目的使用过丁丙诺啡;大多数Bup使用者属于医疗目的使用,但也有少数为"体验Bup特殊精神效应";Bup滥用/使用群体中近一半的人有多药使用的经历;大多数药品来源正常。对非医疗目的使用、多药使用、使用频率高、从非正常渠道获得、使用后有特殊感觉、容易获得的情况有必要进行进一步调查。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the basic situation of buprenorphine abuse/use in drug users and assess its dependence and abuse potential liability.Methods:: Buprenorphine users who met our investigation criteria were totally interviewed by retrospective survey with self-designed questionnaire in 6 compulsory detoxification units of 4 provinces(Beijing,Yunnan,Hubei and Guangdong) from January to July in 2006.Results:(1)Use rate: 27.4%(892 cases) ever used buprenorphine in different degrees and for different purposes.The use rate of Gejiu of Yunnan was the highest,then Beijing.(2)Purposes and places: the main purpose was "detoxification or temporary replacement"(55.8%) and"protracted Abstinence treatment"(40.6%).82(9.2%) were seeking for special effect such as euphoria.The main places for using were at home(74.4%) and detoxification units(32.1%).(3)Routes: 47.7% were poly-drug users.Buprenorphine used with sedative/hypnotic,chlorpromazine,scopolamine and fenazil were 47.6%,5.8%,1.2% and 10.1%,respectively.(4)Frequency:continuous use,un-continuous use and sometimes continuous,sometimes un-continuoususe were 36.1%,34.3%,and 29.5%,respectively.(5) Source: clinics,detoxification agents,drug store,black market,relative/friends,others were 24.7%,38.7%,29.0%,18.4% and 4.9%,respectively.(6)Availability:34.0% obtained very easily,23.4% easily,12.5% difficultly,7.2% very difficultly,and 22.8% did not know or answer.(7) Feelings: 46.0% had feelings after using buprenorphine.Euphoria,hallucination and float accounted for 33.8%,26.6% and 34.8%,respectively.67.6% feelings were different from heroin,25.8% were less than heroin,4.5% were stronger than heroin.63.8% happened by itself and 36.2% happened by ploy-drug.Conclusion:In drug users population,about 30% used buprenorphine in different degrees and for different purposes.Main purpose is for medical use,but using buprenorphine for special effect exists.Around half are poly-drug users.Most users get buprenorphine from clinics or detoxification agents.Further and necessary investigations should be conducted on non-medical use,poly-drug use,frequent use,non-normal resources,special feeling after using,easy obtainment etc.更多还原