【摘要】 油性降凝剂对华北1号高凝稠油的降凝效果较差,不能满足常温开采和输送的要求。针对高凝稠油存在高凝、高黏的双高特性,用乳化的方法改善该稠油的流动性。70℃下,研究了乳化剂与碱的种类和加量、无机盐对乳液稳定性或转相时间的影响以及油水质量比对乳化降凝降黏效果的影响。结果表明,适宜的乳化剂为油酸钠与十二烷基磺酸钠的混合物(质量比7:3),添加剂优化配方为:复配乳化剂0.5%、多聚磷酸钠0.15%,NaOH0.05%,聚丙烯酰胺0.15%。最佳油水质量比为6:4。乳化后原油的凝点由47℃降至29℃,凝点降幅为18℃;50℃黏度从223.2mPa·s降至29.5mPa·s,降黏率为86.8%,降凝、降黏效果较好。且乳液具有一定的静态稳定性和抗剪切能力,在高凝稠油开采和输送的应用前景良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 The exploitation and transportation of paraffinic heavy crude oil from Huabei oilfield could not be carried out at room temperature with pour point depressant because of the unsatisfied performance.Oil-in-water emulsion was prepared to improve its fluidity.The diverse factors affecting the stability of the emulsion or the phase inversion time such as types and concentration of emulsifiers and alkali,et al and the effect of the mass ratio of oil to water on pour point and viscosity reduction were investigated.The results showed that the appropriate emulsifier was the mixture of sodium oleate and SDS in mass ratio 7:3 and the best formula of the introducer was:0.5% emulsifier,0.15% sodium polyphosphate,0.05% NaOH and 0.15% HPAM.When the mass ratio of oil to water was 6:4,the pour point of oil dropped from 47℃ to 29℃ and the viscosity reduced from 223.2 mPa·s to 29.5 mPa·s with a reducing rate 86.8% after emulsification at 70℃.The static stability and anti-shear capacity of the emulsion were also in a proper range,which could be applicable in the exploitation and transportation of paraffinic heavy crude oil.更多还原