【摘要】 分析了高压静电场中液体在射流区、过渡区和雾化区的运动过程,探讨了荷电液滴雾化的实质,提出射流长度,雾化角和液流浓度分布是描述液体雾化过程和效果的主要参数.采用自行设计和组装的高压静电雾化试验装置,研究了煤油、乳化剂和酒精的雾化过程.试验表明:液滴开始分裂所需要的起始电压与液体的表面张力成正比,表面张力和粘性力越小、电导率越大,液体的雾化效果越好,煤油、乳化剂和酒精分别在40kV,10kV和25kV达到最佳雾化效果.通过静电场对柴油轴对称射流的雾化试验发现,静电场能提高液体的雾化效果,它与采用增大喷射压力所获得的雾化效果大致相同.更多还原

【Abstract】 The movements of liquids in jet area,transient area,atomization area were analyzed in a high voltage electrostatic field and the parenchyma of charged liquids atomization was discussed.Jet length,atomizing angle and liquid flow concentration distribution were the major parameters used to describe jet atomization process and atomization effects.Experimental equipment,by which a high voltage electrostatic field could be built,had been designed,and the atomization processes of kerosene,emulsifier and alcohol in a high voltage electrostatic field had been studied.The experiments showed that a threshold voltage was needed in order to break up the liquid drops,and that threshold voltage is proportional to the liquid surface tension.The lower surface tension,the lower viscous force of liquid and the higher electrical conductivity ratio correspond with better electrostatic atomization effects.For kerosene,emulsifier and alcohol,the best atomization effects had been detected at 40kV,10kV and 25kV respectively.An atomizing experiment of diesel fuel with axisymmetric jet in an electrostatic field showed that a high voltage electrostatic field could greatly improve atomization effects of liquid,just as a higher pressure jet improving atomization effects.更多还原