【摘要】 学术界一般惯称南社为"革命的文学团体",这不仅未能揭示南社的文化特征和历史特征,也未反映出南社的近代性及其复杂性。本文在对南社思想政治基础、文化倾向和组织形态全方位考察的基础上,提出新的表述:"南社,是20世纪初以民主革命启蒙思想宣传家、文学家为中坚,以推翻清朝统治为共同政治基础,以振起国魂、弘扬国粹为主导文化思想的,全国性、近代性文学和文化社团。"南社是思想启蒙与政治革命两方面作用的产物,其创始人和中坚都是较早接受近代思想的先觉者,进而成为以传播民主主义、民族主义为己任的觉民者、宣传家;但众多成员觉悟程度不一,在反清目标上一致,而对建立民国后的政治取向和文化期待不尽相同,伏下了分化的根源。南社主张振起国魂,即唤起国民意识,振奋民族精神,改造国民品质;同时主张存国学以寄国魂,吸收外来学说而不"醉心"依从,以光大复兴中国文化。肯定"国粹"即优秀文化的独特价值和世界地位,包含提高民族自信心与爱国热情,而在传统影响仍很牢固的情况下强调"保存",又掺入妨碍革新的保守性,代表了中国文化近代化进程中的一个阶段。南社集中了当时全国各界一代文化精英,组织运作已初具近代特征,是中国历史上第一个全国性、近代性的文学家、艺术家和文化人社团。更多还原

【Abstract】 The general name Southern Society "the revolutionary literature society",has not been able to promulgate Southern Society’s cultural characteristic and the historical characteristic,also has not reflected Southern Society’s modern times and the complexity.This article to Southern Society thought political basis,the cultural tendency and in the organization shape omni-directional inspection foundation,proposes the new indication: "the Southern Society,is 20 shiji chu take the democratic revolution initiation thought propagandist,the writer as a backbone,take overthrows the Qing Dynasty to rule as the common political basis,take rouses the national spirit,to bring honor to the national essence as the leading culture thought that nationwide character,modern times literature and cultural mass organization." The Southern Society is the thought initiation and politics revolutionizes the product which two aspects affect,its founder and the backbone are the illuminatis who accepts the modern thought early,then becomes take disseminates the democracy,nationalism as own duty enlightened people,the propagandist;But the numerous member level of consciousness varies,in counter-clear goal consistent,but after establishing Republic of China’s political orientation and the culture anticipates to be different,bent down the split up root.The Southern Society advocates rouses the national spirit,namely arouses the national to realize,rouses the national spirit,transforms the national quality;Simultaneously advocated that saves the national studies to send the national spirit,the absorption external theory,but "is not infatuated with" the compliance,by revives the Chinese culture brilliantly.Definitely "the national essence" namely the outstanding culture’s unique value and the world status,contain enhance the national self-confidence patriotic enthusiasm,but still in the very reliable situation emphasized "the preservation" in the traditional influence,also mixes in the conservative nature which the hindrance innovates,has represented in a Chinese culture modernizing advancement stage.The Southern Society concentrates at that time the nation,the generation of cultural outstanding person from all walks of life,the organization operation initially had had the modern characteristic,is in the Chinese history the first nationwide,the modern times writer,the artist and the cultural worker mass organization.更多还原