【摘要】 以92名小学五年级的儿童为被试,考察了不同归因取向的表扬对儿童遭遇失败前的心理效应。结果表明,在遭遇失败前,能力取向表扬和努力取向表扬对儿童的自我评价、坚持性、对题目的喜欢程度、任务评价、效能预期以及测试焦虑水平等指标均不存在显著的组间差异。但能力取向表扬使儿童更倾向于关注同伴成绩信息,而努力取向表扬使儿童更倾向于关注解题策略信息。上述结果表明,在遭遇失败前,能力取向的表扬并未对儿童产生更为积极的心理效应,这与人们的内隐观相悖。更多还原

【Abstract】 With 92 of 5th-graders as subjects,the study explored the psychological effects of praise for ability or praise for effort on children.The results showed that no significant difference existed between the children praised for ability and the children praised for effort,in self-revaluation,task persistence,task enjoyment,task judgment,expectation for future performance and test anxiety.But the children praised for ability were more likely to seek information related to the performance of others;the children praised for effort were more likely to seek information related to problem-solving strategies.The research indicated that praise for ability could not bring about more positive effects on children before they were facd with failures.更多还原