【摘要】 为了获取路面空隙的空间信息和评价空隙在沥青混合料中的作用,基于沥青混合料的非均质、多相和多层次特征及其空隙的不规则、无序状态,通过对空隙率、空隙形貌、空隙直径、比表面积和空隙级配等参数的空间分布性状进行分析,发现空隙直径可以与渗透模型直接建立关系;通过对统计学方法、拓扑学方法、分形几何方法、重正化群方法和谱密度方法等数学方法的基本思想、应用范围及其局限性的比较分析,发现可以用分维数的大小来精确表达空隙的空间分布状态;通过对压汞法、气体吸附法、X射线层析摄像法、小角度X射线散射法和光学法等试验方法的设备原理、适应条件和结果精度进行对比研究,发现压汞法中由汞的压力曲线可得到一定空隙直径范围内的累计空隙体积;X射线层析摄像得到的无损图像经增强、分割和提取后可定量计算空间空隙的分布函数。实例分析结果表明,空隙直径是空间空隙的有效表征参数,分形几何方法和X射线层析摄像技术能定量地研究空隙的空间模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to obtain the spatial information of void and to appraise the function of void in asphalt mixture,the draining water asphalt mixture with the larger percentage of void was taken as the carrier to research.The parameters including percentage of void,void appearance,void diameter,specific surface area and void gradation were analyzed from different description angles based on heterogeneous,polyphase and multi-level characteristics and void irregular,disordered state of asphalt mixture,it was found that the relation between void diameter and permeation model can be established directly.The basic thought,application scope and limitation of mathematics methods including statistics,topology,fractal geometry method,renormalization group method,spectral density method were carried on comparative analysis,it was found that the fractal dimension can be used to express the spatial distribution state of void precisely.The equipment principle,the adaptation condition and the result precision of test methods including mercury method,gas adsorption method,X-ray computed tomography,small angle X-ray scattering method,optical method were carried on contrast research,it was found that the accumulation void volume with mercury method can be obtained by the mercury pressure curve in certain void diameter scope,and the lossless image can be obtained by X-ray computed tomography after enhancement,the division and extraction can be used to compute the distribution function of spatial void quantitatively.The results indicate that the void diameter is the effective attributing parameter of spatial void,the fractal geometry method,the mercury method and X-ray computed tomography can quantitatively research void spatial model.1 tab,7 figs,11 refs.更多还原