【摘要】 研究土壤水力特性的空间尺度效应,在生态水文模拟和农业水肥精准管理方面具有重大意义。水力特性空间变异研究方法主要有统计法、随机模拟法、土壤转换函数法和分形理论法;由于土壤中物理、化学和生物等过程作用的尺度不同,导致其空间变异方式亦不相同,当前主要采用地统计学、谱分析、多重分形和小波分析等方法研究水力特性的尺度效应。研究过程中仍有一些问题需解决,其中尺度转换始终是非常重要的问题,并且要与GIS等技术相结合。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is very important to study the spatial scaling effects of soil hydraulic properties in eco-hydrological simulation and agricultural water-fertilizer precision management. Some methods, including statistics, stochastic modeling, pedotransfer function (PTF) and fractal theory, can process the spatial variability research for hydraulic properties. Spatial variability modes may vary with the scale because the scales of physical, chemical and biological processes are different. Geostatistical, spectral, multifractal and wavelet analyses are proper ways to study the scaling effects of hydraulic properties, but some problems still exist, of which the scaling transformation is very important all the along. Moreover, some new techniques such as Geographical Information System (GIS) should be integrated into the research.更多还原