【摘要】 研究了黑龙江省玉米主产区宾县和肇东地区平衡施肥条件下,玉米产量、效益、各生育期养分吸收规律以及土壤-作物系统中氮磷钾三要素投入-产出平衡状况。结果表明,平衡施肥对宾县和肇东玉米产量及效益有明显的正效应。农民习惯施肥(FP)较推荐施肥(OPT)玉米平均减产9.0%,减收914元/hm2。平衡施肥有利于玉米植株对养分的均衡吸收,与农民习惯施肥相比,OPT处理的玉米氮、磷、钾吸收量平均增加了16.5、3.5、59 kg/hm2。苗期—大喇叭口期、拔节期以及灌浆期—成熟期是玉米养分需求的关键时期。宾县和肇东两地区土壤氮和磷的平衡系数均大于1,说明氮肥和磷肥用量能满足玉米高产的需求;而钾肥用量不足。宾县玉米氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为33.3%、19.0%和46.7%;肇东玉米氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别为36.0%、22.9%和48.0%。从土壤养分收支平衡及肥料利用率方面考虑,应该在本试验推荐OPT处理氮、磷肥的基础上适当提高钾肥用量,以使OPT处理不断优化,达到玉米的高产、优质和高效。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,corn yield and the nutrient absorption characteristic at different growing stages as well as the three elements of N,P and K input-output balance in soil-crop system were studied under the condition of balanced fertilization by the method of trial in the main corn producing areas of Heilongjiang province.The results showed that balanced fertilization had a significant positive effect on corn yield and benefit of Binxian and Zhaodong.Compared to optimal treatment(OPT),corn yield of farm usual practice(FP) was average decreased by 9.0%,profit decreased by 914 yuan/hm2.Balanced fertilization was conducive to corn plants on the nutrient balanced absorption and utilization.Compared to farm usual practice(FP),nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium’ absorbing amount of corn in optimal treatment(OPT) was average increased by 16.5,3.5 and 59 kg/hm2.Seedling-big bell period,jointing stage,filling stage-mature were the critical periods of corn nutrient absorption.Nitrogen and phosphorus balance coefficient was greater than 1,that means nitrogen and phosphate fertilization could satisfy the demand of high-yielding corn;potassium fertilization could not meet the demand of corn high yield.Nitrogen,phosphate and potassium use efficiency of Binxian was 33.3%,19.0% and 46.7%;nitrogen,phosphate and potassium use efficiency of Zhaodong was 36.0%,22.9% and 48.0%,respectively.Considering nutrient balance and fertilizer utilization,the amount of potash should be increased on the basis of the amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer,which would make the best treatment more reasonable to reach corn high-yield,high-quality and efficiency.更多还原