【摘要】 为利用药用植物资源以缓解吸烟与健康的矛盾,通过创新育种的方法将普通烟草品种78-04与紫苏进行科间远缘杂交,对选育出的新型烟草稳定品系—紫苏烟的内在化学成分及医药成分进行分析。酯酶与过氧化物酶同工酶分析证实,通过药用植物与烟草基因间的渐渗、交流以及重组,紫苏烟中转入了父本紫苏的遗传物质。烟叶主要化学成分分析显示,紫苏烟具有低糖、中高烟碱的特点,芸香苷的含量比亲本普通烟草品种78-04提高了70.4%。气相色谱-质谱联用技术初步分析表明,紫苏烟中含有α-丁香烯、β-丁香烯、芳樟醇和薄荷醇等紫苏挥发油的成分,与紫苏比较其薄荷醇的含量提高了2倍多;并产生了α-桉醇、香叶烯、桉油精、愈创木奥、α-郁金烯和γ-榄香烯等亲本所没有的医药成分和香料成分。药用植物与普通烟草科间远缘杂交能创造变异、产生烟草新类型,对降低卷烟产品的危害性具有一定作用,紫苏烟在医药和食品等领域也具有很高的综合利用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to release the contradiction between smoking and smoker’s health,the distant hybridization between tobacco and medical plants was expected to incubate the new-type tobacco which included medical ingredients.The hybridization was made between 78-04(a variety of Nicotiana tobacum L.) and medicinal plant Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt,and a new hybrid descendent,designated as Zisu tobacco,was obtained.Analysis of esterase and peroxidase isozymes in parents and their filial generation proved that heredity substance in medical plant Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.was introduced into Zisu tobacco.The results of the analysis of chemical components showed that Zisu tobacco had characteristics of low-sugar,middle or high nicotine content,and the content of rutin increased by 70.4% compared with that in female parent tobacco.Chemical constituents of the volatile oil were extracted and preliminarily analyzed by GC/MS.The results revealed that the contents of essential oil in Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt,such as α-caryophyllene,β-caryophyllene,linalool and menthol,was introduced in Zisu tobacco,and the content of menthol in it was two times higher than in Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt.Many new medicine ingredients and flavor components were found in Zisu tobacco,such as α-eudesmol,myrcene,eugenol,guaiazulene,α-cureumene and γ-elemene.This study indicated that distant hybridization between tobacco and Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt could induce variation and generate new-type tobacco,which had important role not only in reducing harmfulness in cigarette but also in the comprehensive utilizations in food and pharmaceutical fields.更多还原