【摘要】 目的研发一种适用于治疗老年股骨颈骨折时打入空心加压螺钉的定位器。方法根据老年人股骨颈Ward氏三角区骨小梁稀疏、常被脂肪充填、类似"髓腔"的解剖特点设计一种定位器。定位器由位于头端的定位齿和位于尾部的固定柄、操作柄、从动齿、衔接器和导引器等部件构成。应用时在股骨上端外侧与股骨颈中轴线相交处的骨皮质上开一骨窗,定位器头端经此骨窗伸到Ward氏三角区内,体外操作,控制头端定位齿在股骨颈内部确定空心钉打入位置,导引器上的导引孔瞄准定位齿所确定的位置准确打入导针。结果通过旋转、撑开、合拢三个简单动作,可使头端定位齿很方便地探触到股骨颈皮质骨内侧面时钟2点、6点和10点等点位。无论头端定位齿撑开与合拢程度如何,导引器上的多个可供选择的导引孔始终都准确地瞄准定位齿所确定的位置,准确打入导针。结论本定位器结构简单、操作简便、定位准确,值得在临床上推广应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To design a new kind of orientate apparatus for hollow compression screw, when treating elderly femoral neck fractures. Methods According to old Ward’s triangle femoral neck trabecular bone sparse, often filling fat, similar to marrow of bone, with these anatomical features, we design the locator. The orientate apparatus is constituted by the positioning teeth in the head-end, and fixed handle, operation handle, driven gear, heng connector, seeker in the tail. At intersection of the lateral femur and femoral neck axis of the bone cortex open a bone window. Head of the locator stretching into Ward’s triangle region through this bone window.Operation of the process in vitro. Control head-end positioning teeth to determine the location of screws into the hollow inside the femoral neck. The pilot hole of seeker aim the location determined by the positioning teeth to infiltrate the guide pin accurately. Results Through rotation, distraction, close up three simple actions, head-end positioning teeth can easily touch the side of the clock 2:00, 6:00 and 10:00points position of the cortical bone of femoral neck. Regardless of head-end positioning teeth close up or distraction to what extent, a number of pilot hole of the seeker always determine the target location by the locationing teeth accurately, then infiltrate the guide pin. Conclusion The locator,s structure is simple, easy operation and precise positioning,so it worthy of clinical application.更多还原