【摘要】 揭示影响外来植物入侵性的功能性状及其生态机制是入侵植物生态学的核心任务之一。本文综述了植物功能性状与外来植物入侵性的研究进展,通过分析植物功能性状对外来植物入侵的贡献以及外来植物的不同入侵阶段对其功能性状的需求,探讨植物功能性状与外来植物入侵的相关性及其入侵机理。迄今研究较多的影响外来植物入侵性的功能性状主要包括形态性状、生长性状、生理性状、繁殖性状、种子性状、克隆性状、表型可塑性和遗传变异等。这些功能性状对外来植物入侵的贡献随着入侵阶段的不同而变化。在传播到达阶段,种子性状对入侵具有重要影响;在定居建群阶段,与植物抗逆性和适应性相关的生理性状和繁殖性状发挥主要作用;在扩散入侵阶段,克隆性状和影响植物竞争能力的生理性状对植物成功入侵具有重要贡献。由于植物入侵性是其功能性状和环境因素互作的结果,且功能性状的作用随环境因素和入侵阶段不同而异,因此,结合外来植物入侵阶段,并考虑功能性状与环境因子的互作,是入侵生物学中植物功能性状研究的发展趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding the functional traits and ecological mechanisms associated with successful invasions of alien plants is a key role of the field of invasion ecology.Through literature review and analysis of plant functional traits contributing to successful plant invasions and the demands for functional traits at different invasion stages,we discuss the relationships between the functional traits and invasiveness of alien plants as well as related ecological mechanisms.Functional traits that have been studied in relation to their invasions mainly include seed characters,and morphological,developmental,physiological,clonal and propagation characteristics,as well as genetic variation and plasticity of phenotype.The impacts of these functional traits on invasion success vary from one stage to another.At the introduction stage,plant invasions are mainly affected by seed characters.At the establishment stage,stress-tolerance related physiology and propagation traits exert important influences.At the explosion stage,clonal characters and physiological traits related to competitive ability largely contribute to invasion success.Because plant invasions result from interactions between plant functional traits and environmental features,further studies on plant invasions should consider both the effects of invasion stage and specific environmental variables on invasion success.更多还原