【摘要】 复合种群理论是近年来景观生态学和保护生物学研究的热点之一,但有关复合种群的野外试验研究大多集中在面积和隔离度等方面,对影响复合种群动态因子的具体报道较少。事实上,复合种群的影响因子还有很多,如连通性、扩散和生境质量等。本文就复合种群中扩散进行了综述,主要包括以下的几个方面:(1)扩散的影响因子。生境质量、斑块连通性和种群自身密度等;(2)扩散方向与测定。扩散的方向是有选择的,在其方向的测定中微卫星标记(microsatellitemarker)得到了较广泛的应用;(3)扩散距离与测定。扩散的距离除受到物种自身特性的影响外,还受到踏脚石等生境因素的影响;(4)扩散对复合种群的影响。扩散受到复合种群空间结构以及生境质量等自身条件的影响,同时又反作用于复合种群的动态变化,在以后物种保护工作中必须加以重视。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metapopulation is one of the hotspots in the researches of landscape ecology and conservation biology. However, the field studies on metapopulation are largely focused on the effects of habitat area and isolation, and a few are concerned with the factors affecting the dynamics of metapopulation. In fact, there are many factors affecting metapopulation, e.g., connectivity, dispersal, and habitat quality. This paper reviewed the recent research advances on the dispersal in metapopulation, with the focus on (1) factors that affect dispersal, e.g., habitat quality, patch connectivity, and population density, (2) dispersal directionality, which is nonrandom and often determined with microsatellite markers, (3) dispersal distance, which is affected not only by species characteristics, but also by the presence of stepping stones and many other factors, and (4) effects of dispersal on metapopulation dynamics. Dispersal is affected by the spatial structure of metapopulation and habitat quality, and in return, affects the metapopulation dynamics, which should be attached importance to for biological conservation.更多还原