【摘要】 2010年中国汽车保有量达5500万辆,按照每车年更换一次润滑油5L计算,年产生废润滑油2.7亿升,这笔巨大的可再生资源,如果不被合理利用,将对环境产生严重的危害。分析研究5组牌号的新、废汽油发动机润滑油,在对其总酸值、油中的元素含量、污染度、摩擦学性能测试的基础上,对比废油与新油各种性能的差异以及元素含量的变化,分析废润滑油各种元素变化与添加剂的相关性。研究结果表明:与新油相比,废发动机润滑油的酸值明显上升,颗粒污染度增大,其原因是极压添加剂、分散剂等添加剂消耗和摩擦化学反应的氧化作用,以及摩擦副材料的磨损及其与润滑添加剂的化学作用;极压添加剂元素消耗和污染度增大导致废发动机润滑油较同牌号新油抗极压性能降低、磨斑直径增大以及摩擦因数增大;所测试的废发动机润滑油都还具有一定量的原始添加剂成分和承载、耐磨、减摩润滑的功能,有可能通过过滤污染颗粒(氧化产物等)、补充再生添加剂和分散剂的方法,即再生添加剂方法,使其再生利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 2010,car ownership in China reached 55 million. Suppose each car replacing 5 liters engine oil every year,the annual waste lubricating oil will get to 270 million liters in China,which is a great renewable resource. If not properly recycled and reused,it will harm the environment seriously. Five types of gasoline engine oils were analyzed,including fresh engine oils and used oils correspondingly. Based on measuring their total acid values,element contents,particulate contaminations and tribological performances,the differences of performances and element contents for all kinds of fresh engine oils and waste engine oils were compared,and the correlation of elements change with additives of waste lubricating oils was analyzed. The results show that the acid values and particulate contaminations of waste engine oils increase significantly compared with the fresh oils,because of the consumption of additives,for example extreme pressure additives,depersants,etc,oxidation effect of friction chemical reactions,abrasion of friction pair materials and its chemical reaction with lubrication additives. The consumption of extreme pressure additives and the increasing of particulate contamination lead the extreme pressure value of waste engine oils to fall,wear scar diameter and friction coefficient to increase. The tested waste engine oils still have a certain amount of raw additives and the performances of anti-extreme pressure,anti-wear,friction reducing and lubricating. It is possible to make the waste engine oils regenerated by filtering pollution particles (oxidation products,etc.),and supplying reproductive additives and dispersants.更多还原