【摘要】 目的分析我国1996—2006年饮用水污染突发公共卫生事件,为我国饮用水卫生安全提供决策建议。方法利用Epi-info3.5.1软件对全国各省级卫生厅(局)及卫生监督所饮用水污染案例调查报告及学术期刊发表的案例建立饮用水污染案例数据库,并利用Epi-info3.5.1软件对录入案例进行比对,筛选无重复案例作为统计案例;利用SAS9.1统计分析软件对饮用水污染案例的分布、原因、健康危害及间接影响进行综合分析。结果除西藏未见饮用水污染案例报告外,全国其他各省、自治区1996—2006年饮用水污染统计案例共271起,其中177起为发病案例,占饮用水污染案例的65.3%;其中,生物性污染、化学性污染、混合污染案例分别为171、92、8例,分别占63.1%,33.9%,3.0%。饮用水污染受累人群累计达700余万,其中30798人出现中毒或感染症状,9人因饮用水污染而死亡;饮用水污染的主要污染源是工业污染、生活污水、垃圾及粪便;水污染环节以水源污染(27.7%)、管网污染(28.4%)、自备供水污染(26.2%)及二次供水污染(14.8%)为主;饮用水污染的主要原因是缺乏有效的防护与管理、水质净化与消毒不到位、违章改接水管导致污水倒灌;饮用水污染存在一定的城乡差异。结论 1996—2006年我国饮用水污染事件以生物性污染为主,其次为化学性污染,提示饮用水卫生管理和居民的安全饮水意识有待进一步加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the drinking water contamination incidents in China during 1996-2006,and to offer strategic proposal in administration of drinking water.Methods The cases were counted if a case was reported by local bureau of health,or reported by local center for health inspection and supervision,or published in academic magazines.Epi-info 3.5.1 was used to set up database of water contamination incidents,and it was used to match data records and to select non-repeated cases.Statistical significance of distribution,causes,health effects,and influences of drinking water incidents were analyzed by SAS 9.1 software.Results Drinking water contamination incidents were distributed in all area of China except in Tibet autonomous region;The counted incidents of drinking water contamination were 271 cases,171(63.1%) out of 271 cases resulted in clinical symptoms for more than two person;271 cases were classified as biological(171 cases,63.1%),chemical(92 cases,33.9%) and mixed contamination(8 cases,3.0%).More than 7 million public were affected,30 798 out of the exposed population developed clinical symptoms,six people died from drinking water pollution;Drinking water were mainly polluted by industrial and residential wastes in sources(27.7%),pipelines(28.4%),tanks(26.2%),and uncontrolled wells(14.8%);Reasons for drinking water incidents were lack of effectively preventive measures,purification and disinfection measures,and were caused by illegal links of recycling water.Some difference had been seen in drinking water contamination incidents between rural and urban area.Conclusion The drinking water incidents were mainly caused by biological contamination,secondly by chemical contamination in China during 1996-2006.Sanitation management of drinking water must be strengthened in China in the future.更多还原