【摘要】 用有机溶剂浸提出绞股蓝有效成分,即总皂甙和总黄酮类物质,并用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪进行结构鉴定,将它们分别配制成单一的和等质量比混合的5种不同浓度溶液(0.062 5、0.125、0.250、0.500、1.000g/L),按WHO"杀螺剂实验室终筛方法"进行浸杀钉螺实验.在0.500g/L绞股蓝混合液处理钉螺24h后,用SEM观察钉螺肝部、头和足部3个部位的表面情况,同时测定混合液处理钉螺48h后,不同浓度对3个部位的胆碱酯酶(CHE)与乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性的影响.结果表明:单一成分和混合液浸杀钉螺,随溶液浓度增加和时间延长,钉螺死亡率呈上升趋势,混合液灭螺效果比单一成分灭螺效果好,混合液浓度为0.250g/L,72h就能接近达到100%杀螺效果.SEM观察表明:肝部损伤明显,沟回部分消失,肝脏部分溶蚀;头部肿大,其上网孔变粗大;足跖肌表面褶皱出现缺失,沟回肿大.高浓度的混合液对钉螺肝部CHE影响比头、足要大,中毒相对于全身其他部位也较深,而LDH酶活性表现出钉螺全身和肝部活性,随着浓度的增加,酶活下降厉害.更多还原

【Abstract】 Gynosaponins and total flavonoids were extracted from the Gynostemma with organic solvent,Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was used to preliminary identification of the molecular structure of the various extracts.They were prepared as single-component and mixed components into 0.062 5,0.125,0.250,0.500,1.000 g/L solution of five different concentrations respectively,according to WHO "Molluscicides Final Screening Laboratory Method",different concentrations were used to examine the killing effect on Oncomelania hupensis.Then the damage in exterior tissues of liver,head and foot were observed using SEM in the same experimental conditions,and three different parts of CHE and LDH isoenzyme activities were determined after using gynosaponins and total flavonoids concentrations.Results showed that the mortality of O.hupensis rised when the concentration and the treating time increasesd.The soaking liquids of 0.250 g/L,72 h have a killing result of close to 100%.The molluscicidal activity of mixed components was better than single-component.When the snail treated with the 0.500 g/L mixed solution,their liver showed obvious injury,part of the liver dissolution;head of the snail swelled;plantar surface of fold muscles appear missing,sulcus swelled.High concentration of the mixture affect the CHE activity in the liver was greater than the head and feet of Oncomelania hupensis,the poisoning was also darker compared to other parts of the body,while The LDH activity showed systemic activity of snails,enzyme activity decreased obviously with increasing concentration.更多还原