【摘要】 自发过程及其判据是物理化学热力学中非常重要的概念,然而在不同教科书中自发过程的定义存在差异,对自发过程的特征有不同的理解,并且都存在自发过程的判据与其定义不完全对应的问题,由此导致物理化学教学及热力学第二定律应用上的困难。从引入自发过程这一概念的目的入手展开讨论,给出了较为合理的自发过程的定义及其对应的判据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spontaneous process and its criteria are very important concepts in thermodynamics of physical chemistry.However,the definition of spontaneous process given by various textbooks differs,the characteristics of spontaneous process have been differently comprehended in the textbooks,and further more,the criteria do not completely correspond with the definition in all of the cases.Therefore,difficulties arise in teaching process and the application of the second law of thermodynamics.In this paper,attempts are made to give a rational suggestion on the definition of spontaneous process and its criteria in the discussions,with the purpose of the introduction of spontaneous process.更多还原