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N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱的制备
Synthesis of N-(3-Tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl Betain
【摘要】 以十四醇、环氧氯丙烷、二甲胺和氯乙酸钠等为原料,通过三步反应合成N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱,探索了反应温度、投料比、反应时间、催化剂等因素对产物收率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件。3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基-1-氯丙烷生成的最佳工艺条件为:催化剂选用苄基三乙基氯化铵,体系最佳pH值为9,反应物摩尔比1∶1.1,环氧氯丙烷的滴加温度65℃,滴加时间1.5 h,反应温度95℃,反应时间5 h;N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基叔胺生成的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃,反应物摩尔比1∶1.2,反应时间20 h;N-(3-十四烷氧基-2-羟基丙基)-N,N-二甲基甜菜碱生成的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,反应物摩尔比1∶1.1。在最佳工艺条件下,终产物收率达到85.3%,并用红外光谱对其进行表征。测定其临界胶束浓度为8.0 mmol.L-1,此时水溶液的表面张力为23.4 mN.m-1,表现出较好的表面活性。
【Abstract】 N-(3-Tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl betain was synthesized via a three-step process,using dodecanol,epichlorohydrin,dimethylamine and chloroacetic acid sodium as the starting materials.The influential factors such as reaction temperature,molar ratio of reactant,reaction time and amount of catalyst were investigated,and the optimal conditions were obtained.For 3-tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-1-chloropropane,the optimal synthetic conditions were obtained as follows: using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as catalyst,pH value was 9,molar ratio of reactant was 1∶1.1,epichlorohydrin dropping temperature was 65℃,dropping time was 1.5 hours,reaction temperature was 95℃,reaction time was 5 h;For N-(3-tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl tertiary amine,the optimal synthetic conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature was 85℃,molar ratio of reactant was 1∶1.2,reaction time was 20 hours;For N-(3-tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl betain,the optimal synthetic conditions were obtained as follows: reaction temperature was 80℃,reaction time was 4 hours,molar ratio of reactant was 1∶1.1.The yield of the product was 85.3% under above conditions.The product was characterized by infrared spectrum.The surface tension of the surfactant product water solution was 23.4 mN·m-1 at critical micelle concentration of 8.0 mmol·L-1.The surfactant product showed good surface activity.
【Key words】 dodecanol; epichlorohydrin; synthesis; N-(3-tetradecyl alkoxy-2-hydroxy-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl betain;
- 【文献出处】 化学与生物工程 ,Chemistry & Bioengineering , 编辑部邮箱 ,2010年03期
- 【分类号】TQ423.3
- 【被引频次】3
- 【下载频次】267