【摘要】 科学素质的概念源于1950年代的美国。米勒等人在公众科学素质调查中开发的科学素质三维框架蕴涵了潜在的公民科学素质标准。《面向全体美国人的科学》、《国家科学教育标准》和《技术素质标准》,在形式和内容上确立了公民科学技术素质的范畴、标准和基准。《学生学习信息素质标准》、《高等教育信息素质能力标准》、《科学和工程/技术信息素质》,是应对数字化社会的挑战和机遇,设计的公民信息素质标准。《学生教育标准与基准》和《测量21世纪的技能》,是地方教育/研究机构在公民素质的一般框架中设计科学素质标准的尝试。这些标准虽然针对的是在校学生,但对一般社会公众亦有引导作用。美国公民科学技术素质标准的制定者多元化、形式多样化,实施具有非强制性特点,但却具有高度的目标一致性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The term "scientific literacy" was suggested by scholars of USA in 1950s.In the framework of questionnaire designed by Jon D.Miller in his survey,there is a potential standard of the citizens’ scientific literacy involving three dimensions.Science for all Americans,National Science Education Standards,and Standards for Technological Literacy gave clear and definite categories,standards,and benchmarks for civic scientific and technological literacy.Information Literacy Standards for Student Learning,Information Literacy Competency Standards for High Education,and Information Literacy for Science and Engineering/Technology respond challenge and opportunity in the Digital Age.Standards & Benchmarks and enGaug 21th Century Skills place civic scientific and technological literacy in civic literacy.These standards have leading function to adults outside schools and colleges.The makers of the standards are not sole,the forms and contents of the standards are diverse,and no social sector can forces the implement of the standards,but their goal are same.更多还原