【摘要】 2005年5月至2006年11月,采用固定半径样点法和样带法,对内蒙古白银库伦遗鸥自然保护区内6种生境的鸟类群落结构及其季节动态进行了调查研究。共记录到鸟类77种,隶属于10目23科。其中,留鸟11种,夏候鸟50种,旅鸟16种。春季鸟类多样性指数最高,冬季最低。各生境的鸟类群落结构季节性变化明显,不同生境中鸟类群落结构也有较大差异,其优势种不同,而且在不同季节也有变化。栖息环境和食物的季节性变化是鸟类群落结构季节差异的主要因素,同时发现,丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)繁殖地分布的最西新记录。遗鸥(Larus relictus)最早于4月到达白银库伦,8月离开,每年数量最高峰出现在6月。连年干旱是影响遗鸥种群繁殖和数量的重要因素,针对这一现状提出保护对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bird surveys were carried out with the methods of fixed sample plots and line transects in the Baiyinkulun Larus relictus Nature Reserve,Inner Mongolia,China during the period from May 2005 to November 2006.The bird community structure and its seasonal dynamic change in 6 typical habitats were investigated.In the survey area 77 bird species in 23 families and 10 orders were recorded totally,including 11 residents,50 summer migrants and 16 passing migrants.In which there were 58 palaearctic species and accounted for 95.1% of the total 61 native progenitive species,and there were also 46 water bird species and accounted for 59.7% of the total bird species.The analyzed results show that the bird community diversity index was the highest in spring but the lowest in winter,the bird community structure in all the habitats was seasonal,its difference between the 6 habitats was significant,and the dominant species varied across the habitats and were seasonal.The seasonal change of habitat environment and food of the birds was the main factor affecting the seasonal difference of bird communities.A westernmost breeding place of Grus japonensis was newly recoded.The endangered Larus relictus migrated to the Baiyinkulun Larus relictus Nature Reserve in April and leaved in August,and the most birds of Larus relictus were observed in June.Continuous drought is an important factor impacting the breeding and quantity of Larus relictus.Some measures are put forward for protecting Larus relictus.更多还原