【摘要】 探讨秸秆还田对渭北旱塬区土壤水分状况、冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响。在陕西合阳进行连续两年的秸秆还田定位试验,研究秸秆还田对不同层次土壤水分变化、产量及作物水分利用效率的影响。从小麦播种到抽穗期秸秆还田量9 000 kg/hm2和6 000 kg/hm2处理的0~80 cm土层贮水量分别较对照高15.96 mm和10.74 mm,还田量9 000 kg/hm2处理的贮水量与对照间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),且80~200 cm土层贮水量较对照高15.11 mm,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01),但还田量6 000 kg/hm2处理的80~200 cm土层贮水量与对照差异不显著。还田量9 000 kg/hm2处理的产量、耗水量和水分利用效率均与对照间差异显著(P<0.05),分别较对照增加15.70%、5.66%和8.9%;还田量6 000 kg/hm2处理的产量较对照增加6.22%,较还田量9 000 kg/hm2处理减少8.93%,差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),其耗水量和水分利用效率与对照差异不显著。秸秆还田对土壤蓄水保墒具有重要作用;还可显著地提高冬小麦产量、水分利用效率和耗水量,且表现出随秸秆还田量的增加而增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wheat-residue application on soil moisture,winter wheat yield and water use efficiency.Experiments on application of wheat straw to soil in the Weibei Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province were conducted during 2008～2009 to study the effect of straw returning on soil moisture changes at different layers,crop yield and water use efficiency.The results showed that from sowing to heading stage,wheat-residue application treatment of 9 000 kg/hm2 made a significant difference compared to control,in the 0～80 cm soil layer,the soil water storage was increased by 15.96 mm(P<0.05),while in the 80～200 cm layer,it was increased by 15.11 mm(P<0.01).In the 0～80 cm soil layer,soil water storage with the treatment of 6 000 kg/hm2 was increased by 10.74 mm compared with control.Wheat-residue application treatment of 9 000 kg/hm2 made a great contribution to the improvement of winter wheat yield,water use efficiency and water consumption,all increased by 15.70%,5.66% and 8.9% respectively compared with control.At the same time,straw returning treatment of 6 000 kg/hm2 increased winter wheat yield by 6.22%(P<0.05) compared with control,while it was 8.93%(P<0.05) less than that with 9 000 kg/hm2 treatment,and there was no significant difference in water use efficiency and water consumption compared with control.As a whole,application of wheat straw to soil is important for the improvement of soil water storage,and it can significantly increase winter wheat yield,water use efficiency and water consumption.更多还原