【摘要】 【目的】调查学龄前儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)发生情况,探讨家庭环境与ADHD发生的关系。【方法】采取问卷调查和专家访谈相结合的方式,调查山东省滨州市2 136名4~5岁儿童ADHD患病情况;应用自编家庭环境问卷对患儿家庭环境进行测评。【结果】1)ADHD患病率:总患病率为5.85%,其中男童检出率为7.34%(84/1 145),女童检出率为4.14%(41/991),男童检出率明显高于女童(χ2=9.87,P<0.01);2)家庭环境:单亲或重组家庭、家庭成员间关系紧张、父母经常在家庭中使用暴力、父亲有不良嗜好是ADHD发生的危险因素;父亲文化程度高是保护因素。儿童不同居住地之间、独生子女与非独生子女之间、母亲不同受教育程度之间,其儿童ADHD患病率差异均无统计学意义。【结论】ADHD患病率为5.85%,男童检出率高于女童;不良家庭环境在儿童ADHD的发生中起一定作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 To survey the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in preschool chil-dren,and explore the relation between family environment and the occurrence of ADHD.【Methods】 The present re-search attempts to make a qualitative as well as a quantitative analysis by use of questionnaire and interview.Based on the methodology,a total of sample of 2 136 children aged 4~5 years in Binzhou were randomly stratified sampled out.Family environment was investigated by Family Environment Scale.【Results】 The overall incidence of ADHD of children aged 4 ~5 years old was 5.85%,including 7.34% males(84 /1 145),4.14% females(41 /991),the prevalence of ADHD of male was much more than that of female(2χ=9.87,P<0.01).Family environment:the risk factors of child ADHD were living in single-parent or a remarriage family,tight family relationships,frequent use of violence of mother and /or father,and bad hobbies of father.Having well-educated fathers was a preventive factor.The difference in the incidence of ADHD was not statistically significant in the factors of residence,whether the victim was the only child and education of the mother.【Conclusions】 The overall incidence of ADHD of children aged 4~5 years old is 5.85%,the male’s is higher than the fe-male’s.Adverse family environment may have an impact on the occurrence of children ADHD.更多还原