【摘要】 大致从1996年至今连续12年的高速城镇化时期,城镇化率从29.4%(1996)提高到45.7%(2008),年均增长1.36个百分点,城镇总人口从3.59亿增加到6.06亿。这段时期城镇化的动力背景受到国家社会经济大形势的影响。我国城镇化的主要特点是"人口迁移"型,即农村人口迁居城镇。主要路径是"农民工进入大中城市——提高城镇化率"。这种路径存在很多问题,难以长远为继。判断今后一段时期,城镇化速度不会降低,城镇化的路径和目标必须改变。要点是:①从追求数量改为提高质量,使农村迁居城镇的人口真正融入城市:②重视发展中小城市,就地吸纳一部分农村富余劳动力,等等。本世纪以来新的城市建设高潮,主要表现在:①大城市争相建设大型公建,城市面貌很大变化,是建国以来前所未有的,问题是很多重大建设项目不重视前期策划和研究,不重视经济效益和长期的维护、运营和还贷问题;②新一轮的"圈地热潮"。据不完全统计,27个省、自治区目前规划建设新区748个,规划总面积2.7万km~2。本世纪新的要求将是资源、能源和环境问题。建设低碳经济、低碳城市,当前已经在推进一系列的措施。"低碳、生态、宜居"将是21世纪的理想城市。更多还原

【Abstract】 Roughly from 1996 to the present time,China has undergone a consecutive 12 years’ of rapid urbanization,with urbanization rate increasing from 29.4% (1996) to 45.7%(2008).This translate into an average annual growth rate is 1.36 percentage points or a net population increased from 359 million to 606 million. During this period,the driving force of urbanization has been the macro social-economic situations of the country.China’s urbanization bears the feature of"migration"-the movement of rural population into cities and town and the main approach has been"the movement of peasant workers into cities—increasing urbanization rate". Many problems arose from this approach,and it is difficult to sustain in the long run.It is expected that in the near future,urbanization rate will not fall but the approaches and the goals of urbanization should be different.This means that①concern should be focused on quality rather than quantity so that the lives of rural migrants will well integrated into the cities;②more concern should be placed on developing medium- and small-sized cities so that local rural surplus labors can be better obsorbed. The new upsurge of urban development in this century will mainly reflected in the following aspects:①Cities compete to build mega projects and drastically improve their image at an unprecedented scale but pre-planning and pre-research are done poorly and issues such as economic efficiency,long-term maintenance,operation and repayment of loans are always neglected.②The new upsurge of"land enclosure". According to incomplete statistics,27 provinces,autonomous regions have planned to construct 748 new districts,with a total planned area is 27000km~2. New challenges of this century will be the issues of resources,energy and environment. A series of measures have been implemented to promote a low-carbon economy and low-carbon cities and therefore,"low-carbon,ecology and livability"will form the main concepts of ideal cities in the 21st century.更多还原