【摘要】 有效的监管是解决环境危机的良策,科学的监管模式是有效监管的前提。现行环境监管体制不顺、体系僵化、主体庞杂,应当建立"一体两翼"的环境监管体制模式和刚柔相济、内外结合的环境监管措施模式,即以行政区域监管为主体,以流域监管和局域监管为两翼的环境监管体制模式和集政府监管、协议监管、社会监管、自我监管的优长与互补,形成有机共生的环境监管措施模式。配合该模式的运行,应调整环境监管机构的设置,明确划分区域监管、流域监管、局域监管的职能权责;拓宽社会监管主体环境知情的途径,完善公众参与环境监管机制;通过协议监管、自我监管,激发企业环境责任意识和化解环境风险的自觉性,降低环境治理成本,提高监管效力,促进社会和谐发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The establishment of a scientific supervision model is essential to make the environment supervised efficiently,which should also be a wise measure to eliminate environmental crisis. In China,there are many problems in the environmental supervision system,such as disorder in administrative structure,inactive in administrative system and managing body usually absent from the emergency of environmental accident,so it becomes urgent on how to establish an efficient environmental supervision model. This paper proposes a new suggestion with the above issue. It argues the efficient model for environmental supervision should be consisted in system-model named as "One Body Two Wings" and measure-model with the characteristic of adaptability and flexibility. For system-model,the local supervision should become the main body of the environmental supervision,and the valley regulation and regional regulation should be considered as the two wings cooperated with the main body; while measure-model,it should be combined with all kinds of supervision measure,including administrative supervision,agreement supervision,social supervision and self-regulation,to promote the appearance of an utmost goal with a multifunctional and coordinated measure-model. This paper has also paid more attention on the following issues:distribution on function among local supervision,valley supervision and regional supervision; the relationship between social supervision and public participation; the relationship between agreement supervision/self-regulation and corporation/enterprise environmental responsibility,the aim of which is to make the environmental supervision more efficient and realize the society with the harmonious development.更多还原