【摘要】 目的:分析我国儿童、青少年20年间身高和体重的变化趋势及其特点。方法:选择1985、1995和2005年的全国学生体质与健康调研数据,以身高和体重为指标,应用LMS方法绘制我国7～18岁学生身高、体重的第5、第50、第95百分位曲线,并进行比较。结果:1985～1995年,7～18岁城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生第50百分位身高平均增幅分别为3.1、3.5、2.2和2.8cm,体重平均增幅分别为3.2、1.9、2.0和1.3kg;1995～2005年,7～18岁城市男生、乡村男生、城市女生、乡村女生第50百分位身高平均增幅分别为2.0、2.3、1.3和1.7cm,体重平均增幅分别为3.1、1.9、1.7和1.2kg。20年间,7～18岁儿童、青少年生长增长的主要表现为:(1)各年龄组学生身高和体重都有明显增长;(2)身高和体重的第95百分位增长的幅度>第50百分位增长的幅度>第5百分位增长的幅度;(3)乡村学生身高和体重增长的平均幅度大于城市学生;(4)成年身高增长的幅度小于各年龄组身高增长的平均幅度;(5)1995～2005年身高增长的平均幅度明显小于1985～1995年,但1995～2005年成年身高增长的幅度大于1985～1995年。结论:我国儿童、青少年的生长发育水平呈快速生长趋势,发育较好的儿童、青少年身高、体重增长的幅度更大。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the secular changes in height and weight of Chinese school children in recent 20 years,in order to take effective preventive strategies and measures to improve their physical fitness and health.Methods:Students aged 7-18 year-old participated in the 1985,1995 and 2005 National Survey on Students Constitution and Health were used as subjects.The LMS method was applied to draw the 5th,50th and 95th smoothed percentile curves of height and weight,and comparison was analyzed between different years.Results:From 1985 to 1995,the 50th percentile of average height increased by 3.1,3.5,2.2 and 2.8 cm,and the 50th percentile of average weight increased by 3.2,1.9,2.0 and 1.3 kg,for urban boys,rural boys,urban girls,rural girls respectively.The average increments of height were 2.0,2.3,1.3 and 1.7 cm,and the average increments of weight were 3.1,1.9,1.7 and 1.2 kg during 1995 to 2005.The secular growth trends in the recent 20 years were:(1)height and weight had increased in each age group of students.(2)the 95th percentile curves of height and weight were higher than 50th and 5th percentile curves.(3)the average increments per decade in rural students were higher than those in urban students.(4)the average increments of height per decade for aged 18 year-old were lower than those in other age groups.(5)the average increments of height du-ring 1985-1995 were higher than that during 1995-2005,but increments of adult height during 1985-1995 were lower than that during 1995-2005.Conclusion:A significant secular increase in height and weight was found in school children aged 7-18 year-old in China,and the secular increase was more obvious among well-grown school children.更多还原