【摘要】 大质量恒星活动的重要特征之一就是它们具有强烈的星风.恒星的质量是决定恒星结构和演化的主要参量之一.由于强烈星风带走恒星的大量物质,使恒星的质量不断减小,所以它严重影响大质量恒星的结构和演化.在过去半个多世纪中,无论在观测方面还是在理论方面,大质量恒星的星风研究取得了长足进展.在理论方面,已经建立了标准的星风加速模型,以及它的改良模型,包括利用有谱线覆盖效应的NLTE恒星大气模型进行光谱分析;在观测方面,地面望远镜和空间设备相结合,从射电波段一直到高能X射线波段,对大质量恒星进行了全波段的观测研究.理论研究和观测结果基本符合,但同时又引出了一些新问题.更多还原

【Abstract】 Stellar winds are the key to understanding of the physics of hot massive stars,which refer to the fundamental stellar parameters such as mass loss rate and wind velocity.This review introduces the basic aspects of radiation driven winds(e.g.CAK,MCAK,and CMF models),describes development and progress of the NLTE model of stellar atmosphere with inclusion of line-blanketing effects in the past decades.Three fundamental challenges were outlined in regards to hot star winds: super-ionization,clumping effect and disk formation of Be stars.In particular,clumping effect has been identified from various diagnostics but ignored in the standard model.With inclusion of clumping effect,conventional mass loss rate may be reduced by a factor of 2 to 10,leading to severe consequences to the stellar structure and evolution models of hot massive stars.更多还原