【摘要】 目的调查青海省平均海拔3500米地区4～8岁儿童先天性心脏病(CHD)流行病学特征。方法对14056名幼儿园及小学一到二年级儿童按初筛、复筛、彩超多普勒确诊3个阶段进行调查。将该地区4个县CHD的患病率、病种分布、性别间变化进行了比较,并将世居藏族CHD的患病率与生活在同一环境的其他民族进行了比较。结果共检出CHD155例。总患病率为10.956‰。男性为9.246‰,女性为12.922‰(掊2=4.345,P<0.05)。4县中河南县患病率为13.124‰,泽库13.09‰,尖扎10.242‰,同仁8.054‰,不同县别之间发病率无统计学差异。各民族的患病率存在显著性差异(掊2=10.708,P<0.05)。其中世居民族藏、蒙族儿童患病率明显高于汉族,(掊2=9.943,P<0.005)和(掊2=7.342,P<0.001)。病种构成以动脉导管未闭占首位(40.00%),其次是房间隔缺损(25.81%),卵园孔未闭(14.09%),室间隔缺损(13.55%)。结论藏族、蒙古族的CHD患病率高于生活在同一环境的其他民族,女性患病率明显高于男性。CHD的构成比以动脉导管未闭为主。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The Epidemiological characteristics of congenital heart diseases(CHD) among Tibetan children living at altitude of 3500m aged from 4 to 8 are investigated. Methods 14056 children were surveyed with the following 3 steps: pre-screening, countercheck and diagnosed with color Doppler finally. The prevalence, disease distribution and gender differences were analyzed and compared among the 4 investigated counties. The prevalence of congenital heart diseases in Tibetan who had lived at high altitude for generations were compared with other ethnic groups. Results 155 CHD cases were discovered. The total prevalence rate was 10.956‰. The prevalence in female was 12.922‰, which was significantly higher than that of male( 9.246‰)(x2=4.345,P < 0.05). There was no statistical significant difference among each county in which the prevalence Henan was 13.124‰, Zeku, Jianzha, Tongren was 13.09‰, 10.242‰ and 8.054.10‰ respectively. There was significant difference among different ethnical groups (x2=10.708, P < 0.05). The prevalence of Tibetan and Mongolia was statistically higher than that of Han (x2=9.943, P < 0.005)、(x2=7.342, P < 0.001). Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), artial septal defect(ASD), persistent foramen ovale(PFO) and ventricular septal defect(VSD) ranked as the top 4 defects. The frequency of these 4 conditions was 40.00%, 25.81%, 14.09% and 13.55% respectively. Conclusions CHD prevalence in female is statistically higher than that of male. The prevalence of CHD in Tibetan and Mongolia is statistically significantly higher than that of other ethnical groups. PDA is the major type of CHD.更多还原