【摘要】 在10余年的梅花实生选育实践中,通过对梅花实生苗生长发育过程中童期长短、始花期迟早、花器特点及实生树与其嫁接树生长与开花特性的比较,发现梅花当年生实生苗的某些植物学性状与其未来开花类型、实生单株始花树龄的迟早与花器观赏品位等均有一定相关性,实生苗童期较长、始花期较迟的单株出现花器较高品质的机率更大。同时,实生单株不同年龄时期开花性状也有所差异,实生苗初始开花优劣不完全能表现该品种未来的固有性状;实生单株与其嫁接株在树冠特征、生长势、开花性状等方面常存在一定差异,多数嫁接树的综合性状优于其实生单株。因此,梅花实生选种是一个慢长的过程,要获得一个观赏品位高、性状稳定的梅花新品种,选育时间不应少于8～10年。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the past ten years,we engaged in selection and breeding of Prunus mume for seedlings from seed,and compared the duration of vegetative period,the tree age of initial flowering,flower organ characteristics,the growth and flowering habits between the seedlings from seed and grafted seedlings.The results show that there are certain relationships between several morphological characteristics and flowering types,tree age of initial flowering and ornamental values.A longer vegetative period and an elder tree age of initial flowering generally mean a higher frequency to produce higher ornamental values.Meanwhile,the flowering morphology differed between seedlings of different tree ages.A poorer initial flowering morphology is not necessarily a good reflection of the natural traits of the cultivar.Tree crown,growth vigor and flowering traits of seedlings from seed are different from those of grafted seedlings,most of which are better than seedlings from seed.In a sum,it will take a long time to breed a new cultivar of P.mume by seedlings from seed,usually at least 8 to 10 years to obtain a new cultivar with higher and stable ornamental values.更多还原