【摘要】 居民生活用能碳排放是指居民家庭在炊事、热水、照明、室温调节等生活起居方面对能源的直接消费所产生的碳排放。研究居民生活用能碳排放的测算方法,对1980至2007年中国居民生活用能碳排放状况进行实证分析。研究结果表明,该阶段我国居民生活用能碳排放量从6.728×10~7t碳增长至16.545×10~7t碳,人均生活用能碳排放量从每年68kg碳增长至125kg碳,呈较快的上升趋势,但仍处于满足基本生活需要的较低层次;受益于能源效率的提高及能源结构的改善,居民生活用能单位能耗碳排放量从每吨标准煤排放0.732 t碳下降至0.632 t碳,生活用能结构优化仍有较大的提升空间;人均生活碳排放的城乡比从5.87下降至1.84,城乡差距呈不断缩小的趋势。在此基础上,对我国居民生活用能的节能减排提出相应对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper is focused on making a statistic data analysis on the carbon emission from the household energy consumption in China during the period of 1980-2007, so as to provide an empirical pic- ture of China’s residents’energy consumption and its influence on the environmental changes during the period.As is known, the socalled carbon emissions from the household energy consumption is referred to as the carbon emissions that is resulted from the household energy consumption directly, such as cooking, water heating, illumination, hot-range system operation, air conditioning, etc.The results of our calculation and the state statistics show that during this period the carbon emissions from household energy consumption in China tends to rise up from 6.728×10~7 tC to 1.654 5×10~8 tC, whereas the corresponding per-capita carbon emission tends to increase from 68 kgC to 125 kgC.From the point of view of the ratio of household energy consumption and its carbon emissions to that of the whole national energy consumption, or in comparison with the same aspects of carbon emissions in some developed countries, the household energy consumption level in China remains still in fairly low in meeting the basic life and living demands during this period, therefore the potential of emission-reduction in this field seems rather limited.However, due to the improvements of energy efficiency and energy mix, especially, the widespread application of electrical power, the carbon emissions per unit energy of household energy consumption prove to be varied from 0.632 tC/t ce to 0.732 tC/t ce.In addition, the ratio of household carbon emissions of urban residents to those of the rural ones turns to decrease from 1.84 to 5.87, showing that the gap between urban energy consumption and that in the rural areas in China remains still very big, though it tends to become narrower in recent 30 years.The shortage of low-carbon energy such as natural gas but the excessive dependence on coal in the rural area, the mix of household energy consumption in China needs to further improved.To promote the change of the situation of energy shortage, we have also proposed corresponding policies for energy-saving and emission-reduction in household consumption in the paper, including accelerating the development of clean energy resource, economic development and promoting international trade in natural gas to improve energy mix in our household energy consumption.更多还原