【摘要】 在介绍国内外关于农村劳动力转移研究理论的基础上,以聊城市为中小城市的代表,从劳动力转移总量、劳动力构成状况、劳动力区域流向、劳动力行业选择、用工报酬和务工收益5个方面探讨了聊城市劳动力转移情况。结合聊城市劳动地转移状况,分析了劳动力转移的社会效益——正效益和负效益。从正效益方面分析,对流入地(城市)而言,外来劳动力是城市重要的建设者之一,填补了城市的结构性劳动力缺失,为城镇建设做出了巨大的贡献;对流出地(农村)而言,剩余劳动力的流出减轻了农村的就业压力,增加了农户收入,促进了农村经济社会的发展。从负效益方面分析,对流入地(城市)而言,大量的劳动力涌进城市给城市的交通运输、基础设施带来了压力,使城市的不稳定因素增加,给城市的管理带来了压力;对流出地(农村)而言,大量的青壮年劳动力流出,留守人员大多数是老弱病残或者缺乏一技之长,给农业的发展留下了隐患。运用推拉理论分析了影响劳动力转移的社会经济因素,提出了改革户籍管理制度、提高农村劳动力文化素质、大力发展农村二、三产业等方面的对策建议,以期促进经济欠发达地区经济社会的快速和谐发展,为聊城市区域经济的可持续发展和社会主义新农村建设提供科学参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the introduction of research theories about rural labor force transfer at home and abroad,taking Liaocheng City as the representative of medium and small cities,transfer situation of rural labor force in Liaocheng City is discussed from aspects,including the transfer of total labor force,structure of labor force,flows of regional labor force,industry selection of labor force,and salary of labor force.Combining with the situation of labor force transfer in Liaocheng City,social benefits(negative and positive benefits) of labor force transfer are analyzed.From the aspect of positive benefit,foreign labor is one of premier builders for in-flow area(city),fills in the structural lack of labor force,and has made huge contributions to urban construction.Meanwhile,for out-flow area(village),transfer of surplus labor force can reduce the employment pressure in rural areas,increase the income of peasant households,and promote the development of rural economy.From the aspect of negative benefit,a large number of labor forces poured into cities will bring pressure on the transportation and infrastructure,increase the instability factor of city,and bring pressure on the management of the city.At the same time,a large number of young labor forces work in cities,leaving only the old and sick in rural areas,which might be a hidden danger to the development of agriculture.Push-pull theory is used to analyze the socio-economic factors affecting labor force transfer.Suggestions are put forward to reform the household registration system,to improve the cultural quality of rural labor force,to develop rural secondary and tertiary industries,to promote the rapid and harmonious development of economic society in underdeveloped regions,and to provide scientific reference for the sustainable development of regional economy and the construction of new socialist countryside in Liaocheng City.更多还原