【摘要】 目的了解橡胶加工业职业危害因素对作业工人健康的影响。方法对某橡胶轮胎厂进行职业卫生学调查和现场环境监测,并对602名作业工人(接触组)和598名非橡胶加工人员(对照组)进行职业健康检查。结果该厂的主要职业危害有噪声、高温。作业现场共测定26个噪声点,其中有22个点超标,超标率为84.6%;检测定硫机岗位高温作业分级为Ⅲ或Ⅳ级,为高温作业。职业健康检查中,纯音测听异常、X射线(高仟伏)胸片异常、肺功能测定异常、心电图改变、肝功能异常等罹患率明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论经多年治理后,轮胎厂粉尘和毒物危害得到控制,而机械化生产又产生噪声危害。噪声和高温可能是影响橡胶轮胎厂工人健康的主要危害因素。建议采取措施,降低噪声及高温危害,保障工人的健康。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the occupational hazards existing in a rubber industrial company and their potential adverse health effects on exposed workers.Methods The working environment was surveyed in this rubber tire plant.The physical examination was carried out among 602 exposed workers and 598 non-exposed workers.Results The main occupational hazards in this rubber tire plant were noise and heat stress(high temperature environment).The intensity of noise at 26 working sites was measured and the noise level at 22 sites(84.6%) exceeded the national exposure limit.The high temperature environment was noted at the Machines of Fix Sulfur site and graded as Ⅲ to Ⅳ.The workers working in this position had a heat stress.The exposed workers had a higher prevalence of high-frequency hearing loss,the abnormal changes showed by the chest X-ray,pulmonary function and ECG and liver function examination,compared with the controls.Conclusion The traditional occupational hazards,such dusts and chemical harms were controlled in this rubber tire plant after the mechanization was introduced.However,the mechanical noise and heat stress do exist at moment,which could affect the health status of exposed workers.The control measures against such hazards should be taken to protect workerv’s health.更多还原