【摘要】 目的了解变压器制造业存在的主要职业危害和作业工人的健康状况。方法采用流行病学描述性研究方法对某变压器制造企业2008年度的职业危害因素监测结果和工人职业健康检查结果进行统计和分析。结果该企业粉尘作业监测合格率仅46.7%,噪声作业岗位监测合格率75.0%,毒物作业岗位监测全部合格;粉尘作业工人职业健康检查受检率85.3%,噪声和苯作业工人职业健康检查受检率100%。受检工人异常检出率为:血压6.13%、血常规12.37%、肝功能5.01%、乙肝表面抗原5.9%、尿常规15.03%、心电图4.75%、X线胸片13.13%、肺功能10.71%、腹部B超26.09%(其中脂肪肝7例,占15.22%)、高频听力损伤34.48%、低频听力损伤5.74%;诊断职业病3人,职业禁忌证6人。结论粉尘和噪声是该企业主要的职业危害因素,必须进行工艺改进和加强对个人防护用品使用的指导与监督。同时还应重视职业安全教育并积极开展健康促进活动。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To understand the health state and main occupational hazards existed in transformer manufacturing.[Methods] Method of descriptive epidemiology was adopted to conduct statistic analysis on occupational hazards monitoring results and occupational health examination results on workers of a transformer limited company in 2008.[Results] Qualified rate of dust was only 46.7%,that of noise was 75.0%,toxicant qualified rate was 100%.85.3% of workers who exposed to dust received health examination;all workers with noise and benzene exposure were examined.The anomaly detection rates among workers were blood pressure 6.13%,blood routine 12.37%,liver function 5.01%,hepatitis B surface antigen 5.9%,urine routine15.03%,ECG 4.75%,X-ray 13.13%,lung function10.71%,abdominal B-ultrasonic 26.09%(Including 7 cases of fatty liver,accounting for 15.22%),high-frequency hearing loss 34.48%,low-frequency hearing loss 5.74 %;3 were diagnosed occupational diseases,6 were occupational contraindication.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazards are dust and noise,it is necessary to improve the producing process and enhance the guidance and supervision of individual protective articles.Health education and health promotion activities should be implemented actively.更多还原