【摘要】 目的监测与评价公路收费站作业环境状况,为加强收费站工作人员的个人防护和职业健康监护提供科学依据。方法采用GB 3095-96环境空气质量标准、GBZ 1-2002工业企业设计卫生标准、GBZ 2-2002工作场所有害因素职业接触限值等标准检测和采样规范中的方法,对某省内10个收费站亭内外作业环境因素进行监测与分析。结果收费站车流量为835-2734辆/h,车型以货车和客车为主;收费亭内外作业环境空气中CO、NO2、SO2、Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度均超过《环境空气质量标准(GB 3095-96)》中二级标准;国道收费站作业环境空气中CO、NO2和SO2的浓度明显高于省道收费站;空气中Pb、TSP和PM10的浓度,省道收费站高于国道收费站;收费亭内外的交通噪声强度分别为(83.4±2.5)和(89.6±3.1)dB(A),等效声级分别为(78.4±2.5)和(82.9±2.6)LAeqdB(A),频谱特性为高、中、低频率均有的非稳态噪声,超过国家规定交通干线两侧,每小时车流量在100辆以上的公路昼间标准70 Leq dB(A);收费亭内外振动强度(ahw)分别为(4.5±1.7)和(3.4±1.4)m/s2,收费亭内高于亭外。结论公路收费站作业环境较差,受多种有害因素的作用和污染,建议应加强个人防护和职业健康监护。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective]To monitor and evaluate the operating environment of highway toll stations,and provide scientific evidence for personal protection and occupational health surveillance among toll station staff.[Methods]Ambient air quality standards GB 3095-96,health standards for industrial enterprises design GBZ 1-2002,exposure limit for workplace hazards GBZ 2-2002 were applied to perform monitoring and analysis on environmental factors both inside and outside 10 booths.[Results]The vehicle flow through the station was 835~2734 / h,truck and bus to the main.The indoor and outdoor concentration of CO,NO2,SO2,Pb,TSP and PM10 were higher than the secondary standard of GB 3095-96.The air concentration of CO,NO2 and SO2 in national highway toll stations were higher than that in the provincial highway;while,the air concentration of Pb,TSP and PM10 were on the contrary.The indoor and outdoor traffic noise level was(83.4 ± 2.5) and(89.6 ± 3.1)dB(A) respectively;equivalent sound level was(78.4±2.5) and(82.9±2.6)LAeq dB(A) respectively.The frequency spectrum characteristic was unsteady noise with high,medium and low frequencies,which beyond the national standards of 70 Leq dB(A) on both sides of the traffic line in days with vehicle flow of more than 100/ h.The vibration level in and out the toll stations were(4.5±1.7)and(3.4±1.4)m/s2.[Conclusion]The working environment of highway toll booths was poor,and affected by various hazards,it is suggested to strengthen the personal protection and occupational health surveillance.更多还原