【摘要】 利用1990、2000和2004年黄河源区湿地卫星遥感监测解译资料和1962年以来玛多气象站气象资料,分析了该地区湿地和气候变化特征,定量判别了造成湿地减少的人为因素和气候因素的贡献率,揭示了气候因子与湿地减少之间的关联性。研究表明:1990年以来黄河源区湿地动态变化特征呈现出河流、湖泊、沼泽湿地面积的萎缩和湖泊斑块数的减少,以及河流、湖泊、沼泽湿地向滩涂湿地转化的退化特征;1962~2004年间黄河源区气候变化存在较为明显的阶段性变化和季节变化的差异,特别是1990年以来呈现出气温升高、降水量微弱减少和蒸发量增大的干旱化趋势;人类活动对湿地退化的贡献率要大于气候变化的贡献率,人类活动的不断加剧对湿地退化起到了主导作用;不同类型的湿地面积变化与自然因子的关联序尽管不尽一致,但近15年来黄河源区气候干旱化对于湿地的退化产生了显著的影响;各类湿地面积随气温的升高、降水量的减少、蒸发量的增大、土壤冻结日数的减少和径流量的减少而萎缩,沼泽对气候变化的响应最为显著,而蒸发量对湿地面积的退化有着更为显著的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on wetland satellite remote sensing monitoring and interpretation data over the source region of the Yellow River in 1990,2000,2004 as well as the meteorological data from the Maduo weather station since 1962,the characteristics of wetland and climate change over this region are analyzed,and the contribution rate of climate and human factors which leads to the decrease of wetland is also identified,the pertinence between the climate factor and wetland decrease is revealed.The result shows that the wetland dynamic variation over the source region of the Yellow River is characterized by the shrinkage of the wetland area of rivers,lakes and marshes,the decrease of the lake maculosus numbers as well as the degeneration characteristics of the rivers,lakes and wetland turning to marshy wetland.Although there have been some differences of certain stage and in seasonal variation on climate change,the aridity trend with rainfall decreasing and evaporation increasing has presented since 1990.The contribution rate of human activity upon wetland degeneration is far beyond the contribution rate of climate change.The increasing of human activity has the dominant function to the degeneration of wetland.Different wetland area variation is inconsistent with the pertinence of natural factor,but climate aridity has a significant impact on the wetland degeneration in the recent 15 years.Different wetland area has begun to shrink as the rising of air temperature,decreasing of rainfall,increasing of evaporation,decreasing of soil-frozen days and runoff.The response of marsh to climate change is much more significant,while the evaporation upon degeneration of wetland area is very notable.更多还原