【摘要】 通过对1992、2004年昆明市两期Landsat 5 TM遥感影象数据的处理,结合区内连续的地下水水质监测资料,对昆明盆地城市化的孔隙水水质响应进行了分析。结果表明:2004年昆明市城区建成面积在1992年的基础上扩大了两倍多,城市化的发展影响到孔隙水化学场的空间格局和降雨径流关系的变化。孔隙水矿化度在年际变化上呈现出稳步增加、缓慢下降以及日趋稳定3种类型。空间上,孔隙水水质响应与城市化发展密切相关。城市扩展的外围成为地下水恶化和污染物转移的主要区域,盆地东部的金马镇附近,孔隙水矿化度由20世纪90年代初的500~600 mg/L,上升至2000年的600~800 mg/L,成为水质恶化较快的区域;滇池北端的草海周边区域,由于环境保护和污染治理的力度的加强,地下水矿化度总体呈下降趋势,而往南六甲-龙马一带的湖滨农业种植区,污染在持续,地下水矿化度不断升高。随着城市的向外扩张,主城中心地下水化学场日趋稳定,多年来地下水矿化度保持在600~730 mg/L左右。城市化进程对地下水环境有着正负两方面的影响,因此不断完善城市基础设施建设,加强区域环境治理和水资源管理,才是城市的健康发展之路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990s,Kunming city,which is located in a mountain basin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,experienced a rapid urbanization process,resulting in great changes in the shallow pore water environment.By using of Landsat5 TM remote sense images data of Kunming city in 1992 and 2004,combined with continuous monitoring data of pore water quality,this paper analyzed the urban area expansion and discussed the pore water quality responses to the urbanization process.The result showed that the main urban area of Kunming city was 182.60 km2 in 2004 while 90.82 km2 in 1992;and the urban area expanded more than twice in 12 years and the average annual increase is 8.48 km2.Expansion of the city exerted a great influence on pore water hydrochemical environment and rainfall-runoff relation.Along the groundwater flow path there formed a relatively low concentration of pore water ions between the center of the main urban areas.Besides,under the same precipitation conditions,surface runoff has obviously increased since the 1990s.According to yearly mineralization changes across the whole area,three types can be identified as gradual increasing,slow reducing and maintaining stable.Spatially,mineralization variation has a close relationship with urbanization process of Kunming.It showed when the city expanded,the polluted areas moved to the extended outer-ring of the city,the area near Jinma town which was located in the eastern part of the basin,pore water mineralization increased rapidly from 500-600 mg/L in 1990 to 600-800 mg/L in 2000,and also some places such as Datangzi in northwest part of the basin and Luozhangcun in the northeastern show a slow increasing process.While,areas nearby the Caohai lake,pore water mineralization shows a constant reduction,which may be due to the implementation of the local environment and contamination control strategies,but pollution continues in agriculture areas in the southern part of the lake side of Dianchi near Longma and Liujia.Along with the development and expansion of Kunming,the groundwater chemical environment in the central city starts to stabilize gradually,mineralization maintained 600-730 mg/L for many years.The research indicates that the urbanization process has both positive and negative effects on the water quality of groundwater,so,it is necessary to perfect the infrastructure construction and strengthen environment control and water resources management to maintain a healthy development of the city.更多还原