【摘要】 【目的】通过对大面积推广小麦品种和育种骨干亲本的全基因组多位点扫描分析,探讨两者之间的遗传关系及骨干亲本在小麦育种中的作用。【方法】利用ABI3730对中国66份大面积推广的小麦品种和13份育种骨干亲本的481个SSR位点进行基因型扫描分析。【结果】以基因型数据为基础的主坐标及NJ聚类分析,发现中国大面积推广品种可聚成6个大组,每一组中至少有一个骨干亲本。系谱分析表明,每一组中大面积推广品种和骨干亲本之间均存在密切的血缘关系,前者大多为骨干亲本的后裔;同一省份的品种多数聚在一起。来自同一组合的骨干亲本碧蚂4号含有的优势等位变异数多于大面积推广品种碧蚂1号,同样,郑引4号(St2422-464)多于郑引1号(St1472-506);新一代骨干亲本往往由上一代骨干亲本衍生而来;来源于同一组合的骨干亲本与大面积品种相比,前者与其组合中的骨干亲本间存在更大的遗传差异。【结论】只有对资源的创新、引进和利用给予足够的重视,育种工作才能取得大的突破。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to reveal genetic relationship between the large-scale cultivated wheat varieties and the founder genotypes(cornerstone breeding parents) and illuminate the role of the founder genotypes in breeding at genomic level.【Method】 Sixty-six large-scale planted varieties and 13 founder genotypes were genotyped at 481 SSR loci by the ABI 3730.【Result】 Analyses of principal coordinate(PCO) and neighbor-joining cluster based on the genotyping data showed that the 66 large-scale planted varieties were clustered into six major groups.In each group,there is at least one founder.Within each group,most of the large-scale planted varieties are the descendents of the founder.Varieties from the same province usually jointed into one group.Two founders,Bima 4 and St2422-464 convey more alleles favored in breeding than their sister lines,Bima 1 and St1472-506,respectively.Usually,the older cornerstone breeding parents are the founders for the new ones.Among sister lines,the new founder has more difference than large-scale cultivated varieties to their founder genotype.【Conclusion】 Therefore,innovation and enhancement of germplasm is the base for breeding large-scale planted varieties.It should occupy proper portion in national breeding program.更多还原