【摘要】 采用三维流固耦合有限元模型,研究在复杂深海工况下扬矿软管的初始平衡构形、空间位移、主应力等特性,探讨外部海流速度内部矿物流体的提升速度、屈服应力、粘性系数以及软管的弹性模量等因素的影响。计算结果表明:随着集矿机向中间仓水平移动距离的增加,软管弯曲变形和侧向位移均增加;当流体的提升速度vi较低(vi≤4m/s)时,软管最大侧向位移Ymax与最大主应力σ1随vi的增大增幅均较小;当vi较高(vi>4m/s)时,Ymax与σ1均随vi急剧增加;软管Ymax与σ1均随着流体屈服应力τ0的增加而增加,随着流体粘性系数μ和软管弹性模量E的增加反而减少;为确保管道系统的安全稳定,提高深海采矿效率,建议控制集矿机的工作行程(如100m以内)和矿物流提升速度(如2.5～4m/s),并采用有效的集矿方式(如延长集矿机内矿物破碎和脱泥时间、降低矿物粒径及矿物流浓度、减少泥沙含量等)以降低τ0和增大μ,同时选用弹性模量适中的软管材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Space equilibrium configuration,space displacement and principal stress of the flexible hose in a deep-ocean mining system were studied and the influences of current velocity,internal fluid velocity,yield stress and viscosity coefficient of the internal fluid,and elastic modulus of the flexible hose were investigated based on three-dimensional finite element model of fluid-solid interaction. The numerical results show that the bending deformation and lateral displacement of the flexible hose are increased with the increase of moving distance of the mining machine towards the buffer. As the velocity of the internal fluid vi increases,the maximum lateral displacement Ymax and the maximum principal stress σ1 of the flexible hose increase slowly when vi is small (vi≤4 m/s) while increase greatly when vi is large (vi>4 m/s). In additions,Ymax and σ1 increase with the increase of the yield stress τ0 of the internal fluid but decrease with the increase of both the viscosity coefficient μ of the internal fluid and the elastic modulus E of the flexible hose. In order to ensure the safety of the flexible hose and improve the efficiency of the deep-ocean mining,the moving distance of the mining machine and the velocity of the internal fluid must be restricted within suitable ranges (e.g. 100 m and 2.5～4 m/s). Effective mine-collecting methods (such as extension of the time of mineral crushing and desliming and decrease of the particle size,mineral concentration and sediment content) should be adopted to decrease τ0 and increase μ and the suitable materials of moderate E should be used for the flexible hose in deep-ocean mining.更多还原