【摘要】 以重穗型品种矮早8和中间型品种周麦18两个中筋小麦品种为试验材料,研究了在180~300 kg/hm2范围内3个梯度氮肥用量和三种基追比例对小麦产量和品质形成的调控效应。试验结果表明:氮肥运筹模式对不同穗型小麦品种籽粒产量有明显的调控作用。重穗型品种矮早8以中氮水平下基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶5∶2的M1处理单产最高,为8319.0 kg/hm2;中间型品种周麦18以中氮水平下基肥与拔节肥并重的M2处理籽粒单量最高,为9027.0 kg/hm2。氮肥对中间型品种周麦18产量的调控主要是通过对单位面积穗数的调控来实现的,对重穗型品种矮早8则主要是通过对穗粒数和千粒重的调控来实现的。重穗型品种矮早8籽粒蛋白质含量随氮肥用量和追肥比例的增加而升高,高氮水平下基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为3∶5∶2的处理H1籽粒蛋白质含量最高;中间型品种周麦18籽粒蛋白质含量则以中氮水平下基肥与拔节肥并重的M2最高;供试品种的淀粉直/支比均随氮肥用量的增加和追肥比例的增加而提高。在180~300 kg/hm2纯氮范围内,根据品种不同穗型特点,采用中氮水平,适当加大追肥比例,重穗型品种矮早8以中氮水平下基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥适为3∶5∶2适宜,中间型品种周麦18以中氮水平基肥∶拔节肥为5∶5是实现高产优质同步提高比较合理的氮肥运筹模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 To study the effects of N fertilizer treatment on the grain yield and quality of wheat,two typical cultivars of high-yield and mid-gluten Aizao8(heavy-spike type) and Zhoumai18(middle-spike type) were used in this study.The experiments were random block designed with 3 nitrogen application rates(180.0,240.0,and 300.0 kg/hm2,respectively) and 3 basal-topdressing ratios at pre-sowing,jointing,and booting stages: M1-3∶5∶2,M2-5∶5∶0,and M3-7∶3∶0, respectively.Main results are as follows: There are obvious effects of nitrogen application on the grain yield of different spike type cultivars.Compared with Aizao8,Zhoumai18 gains higher yield.The highest yield of Aizhao8 is 8319.0 kg/hm2, gained from treatment M1;the highest yield of Zhoumai18 is 9 027.0 kg/hm2,gained from treatment M2.Nitrogen application exhibits effects on the grain yield of Aizao8 through spike number,while that on the grain yield of Zhoumai18 through kernel number per spike and weight per 103 kernels.The protein content of grains increases with the increment of nitrogen fertilizer dosage and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer ratio.The highest protein content of Aizhao8 is 14.64% gained from treatment M1,and the highest protein content of Zhoumai18 is 14.29% gained from Treatment M2.Nitrogen application has obvious effects on the ratio of amylose to amylopectin,and the ratio increases with the increment of nitrogen fertilizer dosage and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer ratio.From 180 to 300 kg N/hm2,treatment M1 is the optimum nitrogen application model for Aizao8,and treatment M2 is the optimum nitrogen application model for Zhoumai18.The two nitrogen application models could not only decrease the possibility of nitrogen pollution to groundwater,but also gain the best grain yield and quality.更多还原