【摘要】 通过1954—2000年黄河泥沙资料分析,黄河内蒙古河段侵蚀淤积过程对上游水库运行的响应主要表现为:①盐锅峡和三盛公首先将黄河输沙能力由7.33 kg.m-3降为6.27 kg.m-3,使内蒙古河道由自然淤积状态转变为侵蚀下切状态,小于0.1 mm泥沙侵蚀速率高于大于0.1 mm泥沙淤积速率,河道发生粗化现象;②)刘家峡和青铜峡水库将黄河输沙能力降为3.91 kg.m-3,促使黄河河道中大于0.01 mm泥沙淤积速率大于小于0.01mm泥沙侵蚀速率,使内蒙古河道发生粗化淤积现象;③龙羊峡水库将黄河输沙能力进一步降为3.48 kg.m-3,加剧黄河内蒙古河道淤积现象,大于0.01 mm泥沙和小于0.01 mm泥沙均呈现出淤积状态,淤积速度与黄河上游无水库运作时的自然状态相似。更多还原

【Abstract】 The channel responses of the Inner Mongolian Reach to operation of its upstream reservoirs have different patterns.First,the Yanguoxia and Sanshenggong reservoirs,with their storages of 2.2×108 and 0.5×108 m3,respectively,reduced the sand-transport capacity from 7.33 to 6.27 kg·m-3,thus transforming a naturally net aggradational river channel into one in which erosion rate(<0.01 mm) was more than deposition rate(>0.01 mm).Also,the river channel was degraded and coarsening.Second,the Liujiaxia and Qintongxia reservoirs,with their storages of 57×108 and 5.7×108 m3,respectively,reduced the sand-transport capacity to 3.91 kg·m3.Thus,AS was larger than FS.Such a process may accelerate the alluvial process of the riverbed.Third,the Longyangxia reservoir,with its storage of 247×108 m3,reduced the sand-transport capacity to 3.48 kg·m-3,thus transforming the river channel into one in which both AS and FS may increase.The river channel elevation was as much as that in the pre-reservoir period.更多还原