【摘要】 熵是一个极其重要的物理量,克劳修斯于1865年首先引入熵的概念来定量地阐明热力学第二定律。后来,玻耳兹曼关系式S=klnW给出了熵函数的统计解释,熵代表了一个系统无序性的量度。1948年,信息论的创始人香农将玻耳兹曼熵加以发展,建立了信息熵的概念,信息熵是一个事件不确定度的量度。本文在解释熵概念的基础上阐明了熵对热力学第二定律的定量表述;讨论了熵与生命科学的关系;介绍了信息熵在生物遗传研究中的应用。按照科学发展的进程和需求,在医学物理学中应强化熵的教学,加深学生对熵概念的理解。更多还原

【Abstract】 Entropy is a crucial quantity in physics, which was first introduced to clarify the Second Law of Thermodynamics by Rudolph Clausius in 1865. Subsequently, the statistical interpretation of entropy was presented in terms of Boltzman’s formula: S = klnW, by which entropy is referred to as a measurement of randomness in systems. Shannon, the founder of information theory, generalized the Boltzman’s Entropy to Information Entropy which was regarded as a measurement of an event’s uncer- tainty. By means of entropy concept, the authors illuminate the quantitative expression of the second law of thermodynamics. The relationship between entropy and life science is discussed. An introduction of information entropy in bio-genetic research is also presented in this paper. In accordance with the process of scientific development and demand, the entropy should be strengthened in medical physics teaching, and in this way to deep student understanding of the concept of entropy.更多还原