【摘要】 对云南怒江州泸水县凤凰山半野生状态下大额牛的外貌特征和主要习性的观察结果进行了较详细地叙述,以补充和完善大额牛的形态特征描述。①外貌特征:从外观看,大额牛体形介于水牛和牦牛之间;根据白毛在牛身上分布的部位,可分为"一白"(四肢下部白)、"二白"(四肢下部和头、颈部白)、"三白"(四肢下部、头部和尾尖白)和"全黑"4种;公牛阴囊和母牛乳房发育比较紧凑,以适应丛林生活。②主要习性:大额牛好动喜游走,季节迁移;性喜群栖,合群性好,公牛好斗,母牛间争斗少;觅食力强,食谱广泛,以竹叶、灌木等为主,可谓"吃百草,疫病少,身体健";酷爱舔盐,人易接近;昼间活动,夜间休息,夏天绝大多数牛有午休习惯,气温越高则休息时间越多;生性爱干净,排粪排尿时前肢直立,后肢半蹲姿势,不易被粪便玷污;理毛次数多,时间较长,以保持其身体的卫生。母牛在产犊前,离群单独活动。结果表明,大额牛具有较典型的肉用牛体型和较独特的生活习性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objective of paper was aimed to provide a whole description of configuration characteristic and behavior of gayal through careful observation made on gayal herds bred under semi-wild condition in Phoenix Mountain of Lushui County,Nujiang prefecture of Yunnan province.①Appearance character: Gayal was between buffalo and yak in shape;it could be classified into 4 groups according to the distribution of white hair on skin as "4 white legs","white neck and head plus 4 white legs","white head and tai plus four white legs" and "complete black".Bull′s scrotum and cow′s breast grew more compact,making it a more adaptable life through woods.②Main behavior: Gayal was a more active animal,migrating in different seasons and getting along well with others in the herds with less combating among cows but of pugnacity performance among bulls.It was with strong feed seeking ability living on varieties plants with bamboo leaf and bush as a staple feed,which was just conclude as an old saying"eating hundreds of feed,away from disease and good health will keep."Gayal was fond of salt licking and was easily approached by human.The most activities of gayal were in daytime and rest in nighttime.Most of gayal had a noon break in summer,the higher temperature,the more time for rest.Gayal had a habit of keeping cleanness.When excreting dung and urine,gayal kept a squat posture with front legs standing straight and back legs squatting down to keep from dejection stain on its body.Gayal tided up its skin and hair more frequently to keep the body clean.Gayal cow would leave the herd for a proper delivering place alone.The result indicated that gayal owned more meat performance typically in body shape and special living behavior.更多还原