【摘要】 通过加工分离程序分离重复编码和提取练习对有意记忆和熟悉性的不同促进,从记忆成分的角度解释测试效应。以大学生为被试,采用2(记忆方式:SSS、STT)×2(测试间隔:5分钟后、1周后)×2(测验类型:包含测验、排除测验)的混合设计。结果发现:(1)在即时测试中,重复编码与重复测试在对有意记忆(外显)成分的贡献上基本一致,前者的成绩好于后者是由于重复编码相对而言提高了熟悉性(内隐)成分。(2)在延时测试中,熟悉性成分基本未发生变化,重复测试的成绩好于重复编码是由于前者相对而言提高了回忆中的有意记忆成分。更多还原

【Abstract】 The authors used PDP to analyze the different contributions of repeated encoding and retrieval practice to free recall so as to explain the testing effect specifically.The experiment involved 75 subjects,and used a mixed design of 2(memory forms:SSS and STT)×2(test interval:5 min later and 1 week later)×2(test types:inclusion test and exclusion test).The results showed that(1) when the final test was taken immediately after the study phase,repeated encoding had better performance relative to repeated testing. PDP analysis found that their contribution to recollection was almost the same,but to familiarity they had significant difference: repeated encoding exceeded repeated testing,which explained why repeated encoding did better in the immediate final tests.(2) When the final test was given in one week delay,repeated testing led to better performance relative to repeated encoding.PDP analysis found that familiarity stayed steady,but the recollection component of memory was different,with repeated testing exceeding repeated encoding,which accounted for the different performance in the delayed test.更多还原