【摘要】 [目的]了解某小学流感暴发的流行特征,分析暴发的原因,为今后的防控提供依据。[方法]采用现场流行病学调查方法,对某小学流感暴发的流行特征进行分析,咽拭子标本用MDCK细胞培养法进行病毒分离,分离到的病毒用血凝抑制试验进行型别鉴定。[结果]疫情持续32d,总罹患率4.39%(99/2254),罹患率最高是二年级为9.91%,最低是三年级为0.26%,病例分布有班级聚集性。临床表现以急起发热(≥38℃),多伴有咳嗽(87.88%)、咽痛(30.30%)、头晕(36.36%)、头痛(30.30%)、打喷嚏(19.19%)、流鼻涕(33.33%)、腹泻(5.05%)和乏力(15.15%)等表现。6份病人咽拭子中,4份分离出流感病毒,型别鉴定为H3N2型。[结论]这是一起由甲3型病毒引起的流感暴发疫情,疫情报告迟缓和未及时隔离病人是造成此次流感疫情的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To understand the causes and characteristics of this outbreak of influenza in an elementary school, and to provide scientific evidence for adopting effective control measures. [ Methods] The characteristics of this outbreak were analyzed by using methods of field epidemiological investigation. Influenza viruses were isolated by MDCK cells from throat swab specimens. Type identification of the isolated viruses was detected by hemagglutination inhibition test. [Results] This epidemic situation lasted 32 days. Of the 2 254 students in this school 99 students were infected with influenza and the incidence rate was 4.39%. The highest incidence rate was 9.91% among students on grade 2. The lowest incidence rate was 0.26% among students on grade 3. The incidence rate had obvious correlation with classes. The clinical manifestations were main high fever (≥38℃) , accompanied with cough (87.88% ) , sore throat (30.30% ) , dizziness (36.36% ) , headache (30.30%), sneezing (19.19%), nose running (33.33%), diarrhea (5.05%), acratia (15.15%) and so on. Of the 6 throat swabs, 4 had the influenza viruses. The virus type was H3N2. [Conclusion] The epidemic situation is caused by the outbreak of influenza virus type A3. The main causes of the outbreak include delayed isolation, treatment, and reporting.更多还原