【摘要】 [目的]探讨装修居室室内空气挥发性有机物污染状况及其健康危害。[方法]选择唐山市市区在2001～2006年装修的152户装修居室,进行室内空气甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯浓度的检测,并对留居者进行自觉症状问卷调查。[结果]装修后时间在半年内的居室室内甲醛浓度为0.098mg/m3,超标率为47.06%,随着装修时间的延长甲醛浓度有下降的趋势,装修后不同时间组的甲醛浓度差异有统计学意义(P=0.0076)。装修时间≤1年的和﹥1年的居室苯超标率分别为88.89%和30.77%,而甲苯和二甲苯浓度均无超标,两组苯和二甲苯浓度差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.0009和0.0302)。控制年龄、性别和吸烟等混杂因素后,甲醛和苯浓度超标组和不超标组的留居者上呼吸道黏膜、皮肤黏膜刺激症状、眼睛刺激症状和神经衰弱症状的发生率差异均无统计学意义。每日居室停留时间﹥12h的40岁以上年龄的留居者的皮肤刺激症状发生率较高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.7303,P=0.0296)。[结论]唐山市居室室内装修所致挥发性有机物污染状况不容忽视。留居者长时间暴露VOCs,皮肤刺激症状的发生率较高。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] To study the health damage on dwellers caused by indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in decorated apartments. [Methods] 152 apartments that were decorated during January 2001 and January 2006 and 159 dwellers were selected in Tangshan City. The concentrations of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and dimethylbenzene in the air of these houses were detected. An interview about the symptoms of dwellers was conducted with questionnaires. [Results] The mean formaldehyde concentration in rooms decorated in half a year was the highest ( 0.098 mg / m3) , the over standard rate was 47.06%, and it reduced with extended decoration time. Compared with the houses decorated for more than one year and less than one year, the over standard rate of benzene was 88.89% and 30.77% respectively. The concentrations of toluene and dimethylbenzene in the houses were not over standard rate, and the concentration differences of benzene and dimethylbenzene were significant (P value was 0.000 9 and 0.030 2, respectively) .The difference of incidences of upper respiratory tract stimulant symptoms, skin stimulant symptoms, eye stimulant symptoms and neurasthenic systems of the dwellers between over stan- dard formaldehyde and benzene concentration group and not over standard formaldehyde and benzene concentration group were not significant, after the confounding factors such as age, sex, smoking in the two groups were controlled. The incidence of skin stimulant symptoms of dwellers who were above 40 years and stayed home for more than 12 hours everyday was higher than those who stayed home for less than 12 hours everyday, and the difference was significant (P = 0.029 6). [Conclusion] The indoor air contamination of formaldehyde and benzene of apartments selected in Tangshan City is so serious that it should be paid more attention to. With the longer exposure to VOCs, the incidence of skin stimulant symptoms of the dwellers increases.更多还原