【摘要】 选取2003—2007年我国4个麦区174个品种2571份小麦样品,对14个品质性状在各麦区的差异进行了分析。结果表明,年度之间,小麦品质性状在各麦区内具有明显差异,变化无规律。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间、面包体积和面包评分的年度平均值麦区差异达1%或5%显著水平,由北到南呈华北北部强筋麦区(I)>黄淮北部强筋中筋麦区(II)>黄淮南部中筋麦区(III)>长江中下游中筋弱筋麦区(IV);北部麦区(I、II)的降落数值、出粉率、沉淀值、吸水率、拉伸面积、延伸性和最大抗延阻力的5年平均值显著大于南部麦区(III、IV)。达到优质强筋小麦标准的样品主要集中在I、II区,达到优质弱筋小麦标准的样品主要集中在IV区,III区以中筋小麦为主,形成了由北到南由不同小麦品质类型构成的品质区域布局。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China, regional planning for wheat quality consists of three regions and 10 subregions. The main wheat-producing regions is composed of several subregions, such as Northern part of North China (I), Northern part of Huang-Huai Region (II), Southern part of Huang-Huai Region (III), and Middle-to-Lower Reaches of Yangtze River (IV). Generally, wheat cultivars growing in the four subregions are characterized with strong gluten, strong-to-medium gluten, medium gluten, and me- dium-to-weak gluten, respectively. To study the distribution of cultivars with various quality types, a total of 2 571 samples of 174 wheat cultivars collected from the four subregions in 2003–2007 were analyzed with 14 quality traits. There were significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) variations among the four subregions in each year. However, the variance trends were not consistent across years. Based on the averages of the five years, significant (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) differences were observed among various subre- gions in kernel protein content, wet gluten content, forming time, stability time, loaf volume, and loaf score, which in the four subregions were sanked as I > II > III > IV. Cultivars from I and II subregions performed higher falling number, flour yield, sedi- mentation value, water absorption, extension area, extensibility, and maximum resistance to extensibility than those from III and IV subregions. Most of the strong-gluten cultivars were distributed in I and II subregions, and the medium-gluten and weak-gluten wheat were mainly planted in III and IV subregions, respectively.更多还原