【摘要】 目的了解、分析艾滋病对个人和家庭影响的主要表现特征。方法采用问卷调查获得我国5个省份的相关数据,通过对比的方法,比较分析感染者家庭和非感染者家庭在婚姻、家庭结构、收入、消费等方面的差异特征。结果41.1%的感染者家庭是主干家庭,高于非感染者家庭的这一比例(33.4%);感染者家庭中生活在低收入阶层的比例为49.5%,比非感染者家庭多16.0%;感染者家庭医疗花费占家庭全部消费支出的比例为17.4%,明显高于非感染者家庭(7.9%);感染者家庭中60岁以上劳动参与率为55.9%,高于非感染者家庭(41.7%);女性感染者的劳动时间(含家务)比男性感染者多2.2个小时,而非感染者家庭中女性的劳动时间比男性仅多0.7小时;目前只有40.4%的感染者家庭获得了相关的救助。结论艾滋病给感染者及其家庭带来了家庭结构改变、家庭功能削弱、贫困加剧、家庭消费结构改变等一系列问题,扩大贫富差距,加剧了性别不平等,普遍缺乏有效的应对措施,迫切需要持续的关怀和救助。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the main manifestations of HIV/AIDS impact on individual and household conditions.Methods The relevant data were collected in five provinces with high HIV prevalence in China by questionnaire survey.The differences between HIV households and non-HIV households were compared and analyzed in aspects of marriage,household structure,income,consumption,etc.Results Of the surveyed HIV households 41.1% were stem families,while in the case of non-HIV households this percentage was lower,only 33.4%;49.5% of the HIV households belonged to low income category,which was by 16% higher than non-HIV households.The HIV households spent 17.4% of the total incomes in medical care,while the non-HIV households spent much less in medical care,only 7.9%.The WFRP of the elderly(above 60 years old)was significantly higher in the HIV households(55.9%) as compared to that in non-HIV households(41.7%).The total production time(including housework time) of females in the non-HIV households was 0.7 hours more than that of males,while female PLWHA worked for 2.2 hours more than male PLWHA.Although 40.4% of the HIV households received financial supports,they remained less capable to effectively cope with the faced economic pressure.Conclusion The impact of HIV/AIDS on PLWHA and their families can be very severe.It may change the housedhold structure,weaken the household function,aggravate poverty and change the consumption pattern,etc.At the same time,it also may widen the gap between the rich and the poor and increase the gender inequality.However,majority of the HIV households are unable to effectively respond to the consequences of HIV/AIDS,and so they need sustainable care and support.更多还原