【摘要】 应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,研究了长毛明对虾(Fenneropenaeus penicillatus)9个野生群体杂合子缺乏及过量情况;测定了8个酶系统,共检测到15个酶位点和32个等位基因.有7个多态位点,它们是Me-1、Me-2、Mdh-2、Aat-1、Sod-2、Est-1、Amy-1位点,在这些位点有2~5个等位基因.结果表明,在长毛明对虾9个群体的全部多态位点中,共有6个位点符合哈温平衡(p>0.05),30个位点偏离哈温平衡(p<0.05);除宁德群体外,其他8个群体中共有13个多态位点表现为杂合子缺失,结合每个群体中各个多态位点的期望杂合度与观察杂合度,认为导致杂合子缺乏的主要原因可能是种群内交、自然选择、W ahland效应、哑等位基因等.另外,在本研究中共有23个位点表现为杂合子过剩(F<0),且在长毛明对虾9个群体中均有出现,从而认为长毛明对虾的种质资源较好.更多还原

【Abstract】 Heterozygosity was investigated using the assay of vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 9 populations of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus.Allozyme is co-dominant and can be analyzed under standard Hardy-Weinberg model.Allozyme electrophoresis is considered to be a critical useful technique in population genetics.Eight enzymes presumably encoded by 15 allozyme loci and 32 alleles were scored in F.penicillatus.Seven loci with 2～5 alleles are polymorphic.They are Me-1,Me-2,Mdh-2,Aat-1,Sod-2,Est-1,Amy-1.Results also showed that 6 loci of the total polymorphic loci in F.penicillatus were found to be in agreement with those expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(p>0.05),while the other were found to depart clearly from those expected from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(p<0.05).Except for Ningde Population,heterozygote deficiency existed in 13 polymorphic loci from the other 8 populations of F.penicillatus.Taking the observed heterozygosity(Ho) and the expected heterozygosity(He) of the population into consideration,the main reasons that lead to the heterozygote deficiency may be inbreeding,presence of null allele,Wahland effect and natural selection.Besides,heterozygote excess exists in 23 loci(F<0) from the 9 populations of F.penicillatus,which indicated that the germplasm resource of F.penicillatus is in good conditions.更多还原