【摘要】 尾矿坝是由粒度较细的砂土类以水力充填方式沉积形成的堆积坝,易产生水土流失,极端情况下发生溃坝,将对下游的社会经济和生态系统造成无法估量的影响。以金堆城栗西尾矿库为背景,对尾矿坝坝坡面及建设弃渣水土流失进行了预测并提出了治理措施;通过对世界范围内多座尾矿坝溃坝数理统计分析,预测了二等尾矿库一旦发生灾难性溃坝,尾矿流失量约数千万立方米,流出的尾矿将覆盖下游数百米至数公里长的土地,尾矿水将影响下游数十公里至数百公里;分析导致溃坝的主要因素是干滩长度严重不足和排渗设施不够引起的浸润线过高而造成渗透破坏;运用三维渗流模型,分析了不同干滩长度和不同排渗设施等对浸润线的影响,提出可通过增加排渗设施、控制干滩长度等措施确保坝体稳定安全。对规划坝高坝体渗水量进行了预测,提出对应工程措施并进行了实践,取得良好效果,为高堆尾矿坝水土流失预测和控制提供有价值的借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 The tailings dam is a kind of important production and safety facility to store mine waste and clarify water in metallurgical and non-ferrous industry.Because it is a kind of bulk solid which formed by natural deposition,it has many characters such as heterogeneity,anisotropy and sediment structure complex.Besides,the height of the tailings dam increase every year and the construction duration is long,therefore,it is easy to cause soil and water loss.Under extreme condition,the failure of the tailings dam will lead to failure of tailings dam,and result in the economic loss and local ecological environment disruption.In this paper,authors have predicted the slope of the tailings dam and the soil and water loss,and put forward solutions.With the help of statistical analysis of the tailings dam all over the world,authors have predicted once the second grade tailings dam failure,the loss of the tailing waste will be up to tens of million cubic meters,the wastes will swallow hundred miles or even thousand miles of land of downstream.The floods will influence hundred kilometers.The authors have analyzed and found that the factors which cause the failure are length shortage of the drought beach length and the scarcity of the draining and seepage facilities,as a result,the water table becomes higher so that induces the failure of tailings dam.By using the three-dimension seepage numerical modeling,authors have analyzed the influence of water and soil loss of tailing dam on different drought bench length and different draining and seepage facilities.The authors put forward some solutions such as increasing the number of draining and seepage facilities,controlling the length of the wide beach to make sure the safety of the dam;more important,the authors have predicted the seepage discharge of the dam body when the height reaches the plan height.Then,the authors proposed some corresponding solutions and carried them into practice.更多还原