【摘要】 microRNAs(miRNA)是一类内源性的非编码小RNA。已有研究表明miRNAs的靶基因中有不少癌症的相关基因。为了全面研究miRNA与癌症的关系,作者将19种癌症的相关基因集合分别富集到494个miRNAs靶基因集合上,得到各类癌症所富集的miRNAs。结果发现19种癌症仅集中地富集在144个miRNAs上,由此验证了癌症在miRNAs上的公共机制。在此基础上,作者对癌症富集较多的8个miRNAs做了进一步研究,结果发现这8个miRNAs均为高度保守的miRNAs,且它们的靶基因集合一致富集在基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)的基本生物学过程上,并与转录因子活性以及蛋白激酶活性相关。另一方面,在基于miRNA构建的癌症网络中,前列腺癌与乳腺癌,结肠癌与乳腺癌之间共享较多的miRNAs,表明了这些癌症在miRNA层面上存在密切的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a class of endogenous non-coding small RNAs,microRNAs(miRNAs) have been reported to be tightly related with cancer.Therefore,studying the cancer-related miRNAs might help us better understand cancer.In this article,from 494 miRNAs,the authors identified 144 miRNAs whose target gene set enriched with at least one cancer gene set by enrichment analysis.Based on this result,the existence of common mechanism of cancer at miRNA level was confirmed.Moreover,the authors picked out 8 miRNAs enriched with at least 8 cancers,which are named "common miRNA",to concretely represent the common mechanism.These common miRNAs include miR-16 as well as two miRNAs in miR-17-92 cluster:miR-17-5p and miR-20a.Nearly all of these 8 miRNAs,which are turned out to be highly conserved,are enriched in certain basic essential GO processes like:protein modification,cell proliferation,and apoptosis.Furthermore,they are also related with transcription factor activity and protein kinase activity.Meanwhile,by constructing miRNA-based cancer network,the authors noticed that prostate cancer and colon cancer are respectively strongly associated with breast cancer at miRNA level.更多还原